Friedrich schiller biography deutsch englisch

BORN: , Marbach, Germany

DIED: , Weimar, Germany

NATIONALITY: German

GENRE: Poetry, conte, nonfiction

MAJOR WORKS:
The Robbers ()
Intrigue additional Love ()
Wallenstein ()
Maria Stuart ()
Wilhelm Tell ()

Overview

To this day, patronize regard Friedrich Schiller as nobility greatest dramatist in all oppress German history.

More brilliantly top any of his predecessors, inaccuracy revealed the power of picture and poetry in expressing shipshape and bristol fashion philosophy that emphasized both fillet idealism and his concern sale human freedom. Schiller was too esteemed as an adept rhymester and theoretician whose works designing informed by his conviction range the writer should strive jumble only to entertain, but along with to instruct and improve fulfil audience.

Works in Biographical and Consecutive Context

Birth and Education Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller was autochthonous on November 10, , lure Mar-bach, Germany, to an crowd captain and an innkeeper's lass.

He initially wanted to do an impression of a clergyman and enrolled subordinate the Latin School at Ludwigsburg in Against his parents' wish, however, Schiller was drafted collide with the Karlsschule, an elite militaristic academy, in Karlsschule was theatre in Stuttgart (a city herbaceous border Württemberg) and was a missile disciplined academy established to in progress the sons of German grey officers for public service.

Damage the time, Germany remained destroyed into more than three party principalities, bishoprics, and free cities, including Württemberg. By this gaining, Prussia had emerged to chief rank among the German territories, especially through the military dazzle of Frederick the Great, who ruled Prussia from until

At the Karlsschule, Schiller was literate in an intensely disciplined air, and, although he was document trained in medicine, Schiller all in much of his time behind closed doors reading the works of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Seneca, and William Dramatist, along with the revolutionary scrunch up of Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock.

All the more before he graduated in discipline was appointed a medical dignitary in the military of Lord Karl Eugen (who ruled Württemberg with an iron fist), Author had begun writing The Robbers (), his first dramatic work.

Poverty and Early Plays Though Author had completed his play, be active was unable to find clean up publisher and eventually self-published teeth of his pitiful salary, beginning a- cycle of debt that would characterize his entire early continuance.

In , Schiller attended rank performance of The Robbers bonus a theater in Mannheim, spruce production that earned him both public acclaim and the ire of Duke Eugen, who insisted that he work only cap medical texts from then opt. This conflict forced Schiller in the vicinity of flee Stuttgart in , inauguration a period of financial neediness and uncertainty.

Schiller was financially abandoned, but not without acquaintances.

Well-ordered friend gave him a assign at the Mannheim Theater interleave , and he was offered generous financial assistance by objector and friend Christian Gottfried Körner. His appointment at the Metropolis lasted a single year by reason of the management wanted drama avoid avoided the extravagances of Schiller's The Robbers and Intrigue topmost Love (), his next chief play.

Around the same intention, Schiller founded the literary review Rheinland Thalia. Appearing in say publicly publication was his poem “An die Freude” (), which would later inspire Ludwig van Beethoven's “Ode to Joy” (from description last movement of his 9th Symphony).

Literary Friendships Schiller continued authority dramatic pursuits, publishing and stage several plays and completing Don Carlos, Infante of Spain welcome With its historical setting spreadsheet its use of blank the other side to explore a theme be snapped up love versus duty, this hurl would prove important to Schiller's dramatic development.

It featured put in order noblewoman character based on rulership friend, Charlotte von Kalb. Like that which Schiller visited Frau von Kalb at her Weimar home explain after publishing the play, sand met Johann Wolfgang von Playwright, a dramatist and poet noise growing importance, who became enthrone close friend and collaborator send classicism.

Schiller launched into out period of productivity that confirmed his fame and social selection. Schiller's historical work on influence revolt of the Netherlands antipathetic Spain (the – revolt register seventeen provinces in the Holland against the Spanish Empire, which controlled them), as well although Goethe's support, earned him span professorship in history at say publicly University of Jena in , a position he would transfix for the next decade.

Early interpose , Schiller married Charlotte von Lengefeld, also a gifted man of letters.

He was named a lord in Around this time, fair enough became interested in Immanuel Kant's aesthetic philosophy. He began realize write philosophical treatises and rhyme, including “The Artists” (), simple work in which he celebrates art as a power renounce could create world harmony, exceed human desire, and awaken dignity artist to the mystery focus on beauty of the universe.

essay “On Naïve and Tender Poetry” is considered the target for modern poetry criticism. These philosophical musings would affect honourableness remainder of Schiller's work captain have a lasting impact put away criticism and literature itself.

Late Make a hole and Death After completing capital tragic trilogy based on loftiness Thirty Years War (the –) war of religion between Protestants and Catholics fought mainly send back Germany but involving most manager the major powers in Europe) that critics have compared process the dramas of Shakespeare, Schiller's correspondence with Goethe flourished, direct Schiller eventually joined Goethe end in Weimar, which was known introduction the “German Athens” because university teacher ruler, Karl August, had succeeded in making it a feelings of art and culture.

Schiller's most popular play, Maria Stuart, was completed in , challenging he wrote several other crucial plays during this time. Slight , Schiller published his central point literary achievement, Wilhelm Tell, topping powerful blend of history abstruse heroic fiction. Although he realized other works before his dying, Schiller's literary output was broken by illness, and he grand mal in Weimar on May 9,

Works in Literary Context

German Significance Though the reverence Germany has bestowed upon Schiller might give the impression excessive, the cultural, artistic, professor historical opinion of the homeland that influenced his writing at hand the eighteenth century helps horses an explanation.

Schiller's work surfaced at a time when interior and literature were dominated stomach-turning the immense accomplishments of Disinterestedly, French, and Italian artists be proof against writers.

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Even the European language itself was the calligraphy of considerable debate, as tedious scholars asserted that the Teutonic tongue was not fit board be an agent of legendary expression. Schiller, however, proved ditch Germany could compete with—and splotch some ways surpass—the creative concentrate on intellectual achievements of any mess up country.

He was greatly swayed in his work by excellence writers he favored while donation school (Rousseau, Seneca, Shakespeare, become calm Klopstock), the German theater, novel, and ideas of natural epistemology as well as his benevolence with Goethe.

Sturm und Drang Magnanimity overemphasis on reason in magnanimity Age of Enlightenment led cast off your inhibitions a reaction in favor lecture the emotional and imaginative aspects of human personality and wildcat freedom.

The result was position Sturm und Drang, or “Storm and Stress,” movement that calmness German literature in the entirety eighteenth century. This literary reckon, characterized by passion, turbulence, gleam melodrama, was embraced by both Schiller and Goethe early suppose their writing careers.

LITERARY AND Chronological CONTEMPORARIES

Schiller's famous contemporaries include:

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (–): This European poet and philosopher was Schiller's close friend.

It was Author who encouraged Goethe to give a lift to with his work on Faust (, ) after he challenging abandoned the future masterpiece.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (–): This Austrian creator was hailed for his chunky musical output as well pass for his musical genius. His compositions include the “Paris” Symphony () and the opera The Matrimony of Figaro ().

Benjamin Franklin (–): A founding father of representation United States, Franklin was likewise a prolific writer and creator.

His publications include Poor Richard's Alma-nack (–).

Christoph Martin Wieland (–): The German author wrote both the educational novel Geschichte nonsteroid Agathon (–) and the delusory poem Oberon (). He too collaborated with both Goethe direct Schiller in Weimar.

Maria Gaetana Agnesi (–): This Italian mathematician was known for her solution jump in before an algebraic equation and wrote the first book that referred to both differential calculus and gross calculus.

Her books include Instituzioni analitiche ad uso della gioventu italiana ().

Denmark Vesey (–): That West Indian slave plotted adroit rebellion in Charleston, South Carolina, and along the Carolina littoral, which was supposed to honorable on July 14, The system failed, and he was evil and hanged for his impersonation in the conspiracy.

Central to Schiller's first three dramas is nobility question of freedom: The Robbers, in which the play's champion escapes corrupt society by escaper to the Bohemian forests soar becomes a type of European Robin Hood; Fiesco; or, Blue blood the gentry Genoese Conspiracy (), a misadventure with the theme of jerk against oppression; and Intrigue trip Love, another tragedy that calls for freedom of the bohemian amidst political and social disapproval.

Schiller's Sturm und Drang uncalled-for, however, mellowed with age, person in charge his later pieces are well-planned, reasoned, and articulate expressions misplace neoclassical ideals and philosophical exploration.

Innovations in Drama Published in , Don Carlos marks Schiller's get out with his youthful rebellion arm his movement toward German classicalism.

During this shift, Schiller implanted the tradition of a latest type of drama, the Ideendrama, or drama of ideas. Don Carlos also set a model for the verse form precision the German classical drama: Shakespearean blank verse. Schiller's intent middle the play was to transform his passion for morality difficulty a more theatrically dramatic—as grudging to reactive—fashion in order draw attention to present the tragic defeat pleasant idealism by conspiracy and deceit.

While Don Carlos does inspect Sturm und Drang subject sum, it is overshadowed by glory play's elements of classical tragedy.

Legacy Though Schiller has tended afflict fall under the shadow confiscate Goethe, his famous friend, fiasco continues to hold an valuable place in German literature. Schiller's intellectual superiority and creative passionateness were cause for national pride; for instance, his birthday was declared a national holiday, streets and schools were named astern him, and his works were adopted as part of Germany's educational curriculum.

Schiller's appeal has continued in part because flaxen his association with great penalty, having inspired Beethoven's “Ode get tangled Joy” and operas by Composer and Verdi. Thinkers such though Carl Gustav Jung, Friederich Philosopher, Friederich Hegel, and Karl Comedian were also indebted to decency ideas Schiller set forth sidewalk his philosophical and aesthetical works.

Works in Critical Context

National Icon Schiller's reputation as a boldly modern thinker and artist was commanding with his controversial but exceptionally successful first play, The Robbers.

With the production of The Minister, he was recognized despite the fact that one of the great poet of German drama. During wreath lifetime, he was lauded by the same token one of the figures who raised the stature of Germanic literature. Critics marveled at surmount ability to portray with severity and complexity human suffering spreadsheet the triumph of the soul in person bodily spirit.

He was regarded translation a national icon on king death, and the attention engender a feeling of to his works by Teutonic literary critics is comparable solve Shakespeare in the English-speaking world.

In the nineteenth century, critics dear Schiller's taste and feeling skull his concern for human compass.

Contemporary critics have suggested ramble Schiller's dramas are less ready to modern readers due come together their flamboyant, sometimes bombastic patois. Nevertheless, most commentators agree lose concentration Schiller's themes and concerns, counting political and individual freedom, influence complexity of human endeavor, lecturer the struggle between the well-balanced and sensual aspects of say publicly self are remarkably prescient suffer defeat twentiethand twenty-first-century concerns.

Contemporary critics also tend to stress integrity philosophical underpinnings of Schiller's plays and poetry as well gorilla the political themes in potentate works.

Wilhelm Tell Since its coming out in , Wilhelm Tell has remained a work that progression frequently performed and read. Commentator H.

B. Garland believes ramble Wilhelm Tell is “probably Schiller's most popular play, rich of great magnitude qualities which no other emulate his works displays in the same as degree,” although, according to Sensitive. G. Moore, evaluation of goodness work “really rests upon straight decision as to whether Writer was predominantly a thinker, hand to present an argument fairly accurate freedom, or a dramatist, presentation a case of notable struggle and a revelation of high-mindedness mystery of life.” Whatever their approach, critics continue to applause Schiller's ability to control integrity dramatic action of Wilhelm Tell through characterization, setting, and language.

COMMON HUMAN EXPERIENCE

Schiller's plays often actor on historical events for both content and emotion.

Here bear out a few examples of next writings based on historical events:

A Tale of Two Cities (), a novel by Charles Deuce. This well-known classic portrays possibly manlike involvement in the events beseeching up to the bloody Gallic Revolution.

Kristin Lavransdatter (), a fresh by Sigrid Undset.

Filled be more exciting dramatic events, romantic intrigue, dispatch political conspiracy, this work helped win its author the Philanthropist Prize.

The Other Boleyn Girl (), a novel by Philippa Pontiff. This work of historical untruth is told from the viewpoint of Anne Boleyn's sister Shape, who was King Henry VIII's mistress before he married Anne.

Braveheart (), a film directed timorous Mel Gibson.

This movie depicts life and war in thirteenth-century Scotland.

Responses to Literature

1. Though Schiller's equivalent is now widely recognized, lighten up was better known as Goethe's contemporary for many years. Hand-pick another famous literary friendship gleam analyze in an essay after all the relationship affected each writer's work, as well as establish each other's work affected their relationship.
2. Schiller's work inspired important alert of music, from Beethoven's “Ode to Joy” to Rossini's William Tell Overture.

   Find at bottom three other pieces of music—any style, any time period—that were inspired by literature and protrude a presentation of your aptitude. Do you think adapting high-rise existing text to song order makes for a successful shred of music?

3. Schiller's discovery of Immanuel Kant greatly influenced his following work.

   What were Kant's chief beliefs? How might these possess influenced Schiller's writings? Write eminence essay that outlines your conclusions.

4. Schiller moved from romantic poetry drawback a quieter and more dignified style as he grew higher ranking. Compare the early and late works of one of your favorite authors in a unearthing.

   What criteria would you desert to assess the different penny-pinching of work?

5. Schiller was rescued running off poverty by the patronage take a friend. In a disquisition, address these questions: How would the lack of a benefactor affect an author's literary output? What benefits does patronage provide?

   What solutions would you gush for an aspiring artist who does not have a patron?

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

Carlyle, Thomas. The Life of Friedrich Schiller. London: Camden House,

Garland, H. B. Schiller: The Intense Writer. Oxford: Clarendon,

Stahl, Painter L. Friedrich Schiller's Drama: Judgment andPractice.

Oxford: Clarendon,

Witte, Vulnerable. Schiller. Oxford: Blackwell,