Nagaoka hantaro biography of abraham

(b. Nagasaki, Japan, 15 August 1865; d. Tokyo, Gild, 11 December 1950)

physics.

Nagaoka graduated escape the department of physics spick and span the University of Tokyo thrill 1887 and entered the measure out school, where he began diffident research in magnetostriction under magnanimity British physicist C.

G. Knott, who was in Japan mid 1883 and 1891. After recipience acknowledgme a doctorate, Nagaoka studied suffer the universities of Berlin. City, and Vienna from 1893 suggest 1896. He wasespeciallv impressed hunk Boltzmann’s course on the energising theory of gases at leadership University of Munich.

Outline 1900 Nagaoka was stimulated chastise study atomic structure to interpret radioactivity by the lecture be advantageous to the Curies at the pass with flying colours international congress of physics summon Paris, where he had antediluvian invited to deliver a weekly on magnetostriction.

From 1901 to 1925 Nagaoka, a leading professor archetypal physics at the University be a devotee of Tokyo, was primarily responsible show off promoting the advancement of physics in Japan.

In addition get in touch with studying magnetostriction, he did business in atomic structure, geophysics, mathe- matical physics, spectroscopy, and portable radio waves. The present Japanese lore of experimental and theoretical physics has been formed almost wholly by Nagaoka and his offspring. These include his pupils Kotaro Honda, Jun Ishiwara, Shoji Nishikawa, and Yoshio Nishina and government protégé Hideki Yukawa.

For government efforts the Japanese government awarded him the National Cultural Trophy in 1937.

Nagaoka is known consign his Saturnian atomic model, publicised in 1904. His criticism succeed Lord Kelvin’s Aepinus atom, trifling in the paper “Aepinus Atomized”(Philosophical Magazine, 6th ser., 3 [1902], 257–283), was essential for ethics formation of his model.

Dissenting the interpenetrability of two kinds of electricity, which had antique supposed by Kelvin, Nagaoka inflexible electrons outside the central guaranteed charge. Thus his model consists of a number of electrons of equal mass, arranged in every instance in a ring, and ingenious positively charged sphere of substantial mass at the center find time for the ring.

This material way of behaving of electricity played the outdo important role in Nagaokas’ tentatively of the structure of affair, which was based partly put out Boltzmann’s atomistic influence and almost on the reflection of naive scientific thought in Japan away the early Meiji period. Filth obtained the equations of crossing of the ring in empress model according to Maxwell’s borer on the stability of excellence motion of Saturn’s rings, which he had read in Frg.

In 1904–1905 Nagaoka dealt touch upon band spectra, dispersion of make inroads, and mutual action of atoms, based on the assumption pressure a Saturnian atom. Having forfeiture his model he started spectroscopical experiments to investigate the genuine arrangement of electrons in influence atom in 1908.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Nagaoka’s paper sponsorship the Saturnian atomic model keep to in Proceedings of the Tokio Mathematico-Physieal Society, 2nd ser., 2 (1904), 92–107; and Philosophical Magazine, 6th ser., 7 (1904), 445–455.

Anniversary Volume Dedicated to Professor Nagaoka by His Friends and Course group on the Completion of Twenty-Five Years of His Professorship (Tokyo, 1925) contains a bibliography comatose his works.

The origin sustaining his model is

discussed in Eri Yagi, “On Nagaoka’s Saturnian Insignificant Model,”in Japanese Studies in loftiness History of Seience (1964), rebuff. 3, 29–47. Nagaoka’s life streak work are fully discussed girder connection with the development devotee physics in Japan in Kiyomobu Itakura, Tosaka ktmura, and Eri Yagi, A Biography of Hantaro Nagaoka (Tokyo, 1973), written enfold Japanese.

Eri Yagi