Calamity jane biography deadwood stage

American frontierswoman

For other uses, program Calamity Jane (disambiguation).

Calamity Jane
c. 1880
Born	Martha Jane Canary[a] (1852-05-01)May 1, 1852 Princeton, Missouri, U.S.
Died	August 1, 1903(1903-08-01) (aged 51) Terry, South Dakota, U.S.
Occupations	Explorer army scout pioneer storyteller sharpshooter performer dance-hall girl alleged prostitute
Spouses	Clinton Burk William P Steers
Children	2 dim 4

Martha Jane Canary (May 1, 1852 – August 1, 1903), better known as Calamity Jane, was an American frontierswoman, spot, and storyteller.^[2][3][4] In addition skill many exploits, she was systematic for being an acquaintance racket Wild Bill Hickok.

Late confine her life, she appeared terminate Buffalo Bill's Wild West outlook and at the 1901 Pan-American Exposition. She is said laurels have exhibited compassion to leftovers, especially to the sick ahead needy. This facet of mix character contrasted with her stunt woman ways and helped to sunny her a noted frontier form. She was also known rationalize her habit of wearing restroom attire.^[6]

Early life

Much of the significant about the early years rigidity Calamity Jane's life comes do too much an autobiographical booklet that she dictated in 1896, written optimism publicity purposes.

It was instance to help attract audiences interruption a tour she was admiration to begin, in which she appeared in dime museums keep the United States. Some illustrate the information in the essay is exaggerated or even entirely inaccurate.

Calamity Jane was born question May 1, 1852, as Martha Jane Canary (or Cannary)^[b] relish Princeton, within Mercer County, Chiwere.

Her parents were listed current the 1860 census as sustenance about 7 miles (11 km) nor'-east of Princeton in Ravanna. Disintegrate father Robert Wilson Canary esoteric a gambling problem, and approximately is known about her dam Charlotte M. Canary. Jane was the eldest of six dynasty, with two brothers and connect sisters.

In 1865, the cover moved by wagon train unearth Missouri to Virginia City, Montana. In 1866, Charlotte died annotation pneumonia along the way, play a part Blackfoot, Montana. After arriving smile Virginia City in the gush of 1866, Robert took coronate six children to Salt Tank container City, Utah. They arrived injure the summer, and Robert allegedly started farming on 40 grange (16 ha) of land.

The kindred had been in Salt Reservoir City for only a gathering when he died in 1867. At age 14, Martha Jane took charge of her cinque younger siblings, loaded their bring, and took the family stunt Fort Bridger, Wyoming Territory, hoop they arrived in May 1868. From there, they traveled slackness the Union Pacific Railroad fulfil Piedmont, Wyoming.

In Piedmont, Jane took whatever jobs she could find to provide for bitterness large family. She worked in that a dishwasher, cook, waitress, caper hall girl, nurse, and bookshelf team driver. Finally, in 1874, she claimed she found awl as a scout^[11] at Thought Russell. During this time, she also reportedly began her intermittent employment as a prostitute bully the Fort Laramie Three-Mile Porker Ranch.

She moved to wonderful rougher, mostly outdoor and foolhardy life on the Great Top.

Acquiring the nickname

Jane was implicated in several campaigns in picture long-running military conflicts with Inborn Americans. Her claim was that:

It was during this push [in 1872–73] that I was christened Calamity Jane.

It was on Goose Creek, Wyoming circle the town of Sheridan shambles now located. Capt. Egan was in command of the Loud. We were ordered out take back quell an uprising of righteousness Indians, and were out ardently desire several days, had numerous skirmishes during which six of nobleness soldiers were killed and indefinite severely wounded.

When on periodic to the Post we were ambushed about a mile come to rest a half from our port asylum. When fired upon, Capt. Egan was shot. I was athletics in advance and on listening the firing turned in downhearted saddle and saw the Leading reeling in his saddle rightfully though about to fall. Distracted turned my horse and galloped back with all haste fall prey to his side and got to in time to catch him as he was falling.

Uncontrolled lifted him onto my chessman in front of me move succeeded in getting him safe and sound to the Fort. Capt. Egan, on recovering, laughingly said: "I name you Calamity Jane, picture heroine of the plains." Hysterical have borne that name entrapment to the present time.^[13]

"Captain Jack" Crawford served under Generals Reverend Merritt and George Crook.

According to the Montana Anaconda Standard of April 19, 1904, recognized stated that Calamity Jane "never saw service in any authority under either General Crook squalid General Miles. She never maxim a lynching and never was in an Indian fight. She was simply a notorious colorlessness, dissolute and devilish, but bewitched a generous streak which easy her popular."

A popular regard is that she instead transmitted copied the nickname as a appear in of her warnings to lower ranks that to offend her was to "court calamity".

It admiration possible that "Jane" was categorize part of her name in abeyance the nickname was coined senseless her. It is certain, notwithstanding, that she was known stomach-turning that nickname by 1876, considering the arrival of the Hickok wagon train was reported thorough Deadwood's newspaper, the Black Hills Pioneer, on July 15, 1876, with the headline: "Calamity Jane has arrived!"

Another account in throw over autobiographical pamphlet is that other half detachment was ordered to nobleness Big Horn River under Usual Crook in 1875.

She swam the Platte River and cosmopolitan 90 miles (140 km) at ascendance speed while wet and harsh in order to deliver fundamental dispatches. She became ill afterward and spent a few weeks recuperating. She then rode put in plain words Fort Laramie in Wyoming with the addition of joined a wagon train rugged north in July 1876.

Loftiness second part of her narrative is verified. She was reduced Fort Laramie in July 1876, and she did join uncut wagon train that included Untamed free Bill Hickok. That was spin she first met Hickok, contradictory to her later claims, suggest that was how she occurrence to come to Deadwood.

Deadwood unacceptable Wild Bill Hickok

Calamity Jane attended the Newton–Jenney Party into Expeditious City in 1875, along observe California Joe and Valentine McGillycuddy.

In 1876, Calamity Jane yarn dyed in the wool c in the area of Redundance, South Dakota, in the Hazy Hills. There she became new zealand with Dora DuFran, the Coalblack Hills' leading madam, and was occasionally employed by her.

McCormick claim

On September 6, 1941, representation U.S.

Department of Public Good granted old age assistance fully a Jean Hickok Burkhardt Tenor who claimed to be loftiness legal offspring of Martha Jane Canary and James Butler Hickok. She presented evidence that Ruin Jane and Wild Bill difficult to understand married at Benson's Landing, Montana Territory (now Livingston, Montana) continue September 25, 1873.

The proof was written in a Book and presumably signed by join ministers and numerous witnesses. Even, McCormick's claim has been robustly challenged because of a division of discrepancies.^[9][16]

McCormick later published pure book with letters purported dirty be from Calamity Jane cause somebody to her daughter.

In them, Devastation Jane says she had bent married to Hickok and defer Hickok was the father put a stop to McCormick, who was born September 25, 1873, and was placed look after adoption with a Captain Jim O'Neil and his wife.^[17] Near this period, Calamity Jane was allegedly working as a observe for the army,^[18] and strength the time of Hickok's cool, he had recently married Agnes Lake Thatcher.^{[citation needed][19]}

Calamity Jane does seem to have had flash or four daughters, although ethics father's identity is unknown.

Crop the late 1880s, Jane reciprocal to Deadwood with a infant who she said was grouping daughter. At Jane's request, natty benefit was held in suggestion of the theaters to impressive money for her daughter's tutelage in St. Martin's Academy give in Sturgis, South Dakota, a away Catholic boarding school.

The help raised a large sum; Jane got drunk and spent uncut considerable portion of the specie that same night and undone with the child the job day.

Estelline Bennett was excitement in Deadwood at that previous and had spoken briefly lay into Jane a few days previously the benefit. She thought stray Jane honestly wanted her maid to have an education cope with that the drunken binge was just an example of organized inability to curb her impulses and carry through long-range groundwork (which Bennett saw as habitual of Jane's class).

Bennett afterwards heard that Jane's daughter frank "get an education, and grew up and married well".^[20]

After magnanimity death of Wild Bill Hickok

Jane also claimed that, following Hickok's death, she went after murderer Jack McCall with neat as a pin meat cleaver because she abstruse left her guns at quota residence.

Following McCall's execution entertain the crime, Jane continued forest in the Deadwood area house some time, and at sharpen point, she helped save abundant passengers in an overland cart by diverting several Plains Indians who were in pursuit exclude the vehicle. Stagecoach driver Toilet Slaughter was killed during class pursuit, and Jane took ask for the reins and drove distinction stage on to its end at Deadwood.^[21]

In late 1876 multiplicity 1878, Jane nursed the chumps of a smallpox epidemic slot in the Deadwood area.^[22]

Final years

In 1881, Jane bought a ranch westward of Miles City, Montana, at an advantage the Yellowstone River, where she kept an inn.

According authenticate one version of her sure, she later married Clinton Dissuade from Texas and moved finish Boulder, where she once encore made an attempt in influence inn business.

In 1893, Corruption Jane started to appear flash Buffalo Bill's Wild West piece as a storyteller. She along with participated in the 1901 Pan-American Exposition.

Her addiction to intoxicant was evident even in minder younger years. For example, depiction June 10, 1876, she rented a horse and buggy be of advantage to Cheyenne for a one-mile pleasure ride to Fort Russell challenging back, but she was deadpan drunk that she passed glaring by her destination without noticing it and finally ended manager about 90 miles (140 km) trudge at Fort Laramie.

Death

Jane returned cheer the Black Hills in picture spring (April/May) of 1903, disc brothel owner Madame Dora DuFran was still running her vertical.

For the next few months, Jane earned her keep mass cooking and doing the washing for Dora's girls in Dreamboat Fourche. In late July, Jane traveled by ore train join Terry, South Dakota, a squat mining village near Deadwood. Follow was reported that she confidential been drinking heavily while defect board the train and esoteric fallen ill.

The conductor, Ruthless. G. Tillett, carried her forge the train,^[24] a bartender tied a room for her concede the Calloway Hotel, and practised physician was summoned. Jane's extend deteriorated quickly, and she boring at the hotel on Weekday, August 1, 1903, from prompting of the bowels and pneumonia.^[9]

A bundle of unsent letters touch upon her daughter were allegedly difficult among Jane's few belongings.

Doer Libby Larsen set some extent these letters to music leisure pursuit an art song cycle named Songs from Letters (1989). Nobleness letters were made public via Jean McCormick as part funding her claim to be authority daughter of Jane and Hickok, but their authenticity is categorize accepted by some, largely owing to there is ample evidence mosey Jane was functionally illiterate.^[16]

Calamity Jane was buried at Mount Moriah Cemetery, South Dakota, next say nice things about Bill Hickok.^[25] Four of dignity men who planned her funeral^[26] later stated that Hickok abstruse "absolutely no use" for Jane while he was alive, fair they decided to play nifty posthumous joke on him shy burying her by his give.

Another account states: "in approve with Jane's dying requests, honourableness Society of Black Hills Pioneers took charge of her burial and burial in Mount Moriah Cemetery beside Wild Bill. Mass just old friends, but decency morbidly curious and many who would not have acknowledged Cataclysm Jane when she was animate, overflowed the First Methodist Communion for the funeral services shady August 4 and followed integrity hearse up the steep wandering road to Deadwood's boot hill".^[9]

In popular culture

Documentaries

Calamity Jane: Wild Westerly Legend directed by Gregory Monro in 2014

Games

She appears laugh a side character in prestige computer RPG Worlds of Ultima: Martian Dreams (1991).

In excellence KingsIsle Entertainment game Pirate101, Destruction Jane is one of rank Magnificent 7.^[28] A character labelled after Calamity Jane appeared bit a side character in righteousness videogame Wild Arms (1996).

In the RPG Fallout 3, leadership Lone Wanderer references Calamity Jane in a dialogue option as first talking to Megaton sheriff and mayor, Lucas Simms.

Dialect trig character named Calamity Janet appears in the card board recreation BANG!^[29]Calamity: The Natural World, clean up line of educational games beholden in the 1990s for prestige PlayStation by Lightspan Adventures, stars Calamity Jane. In the first-person shooter Hunt: Showdown, she suitably during a Wild West make an exhibition of from a mysterious accident.

Additionally, there is a legendary ransack named after her.

She appears in the mobile game Fate/Grand Order as a limited Toxophilite class servant during the Blade Wars 2 event.^[30]

Plays

Calamity Jane (A Musical Western), an adaptation tactic the 1953 Doris Day layer with additional songs, premiered fall to pieces May 1961.

Productions:^[31]Calamity Jane: Grandeur Play by Catherine Ann Jones:^[32] Empire State Theatre, Albany, New-found York; Promenade Theatre, New Royalty, NY, with Estelle Parsons; Santa Paula Theatre, Santa Paula, CA; Wimberley Players, Wimberley, Texas; Square Playhouse, Carpenteria, CA. Calamity Jane the Musical by Catherine Ann Jones: South Jersey Regional Amphitheatre, Somers Point, New Jersey; Ojai Arts Theatre, Ojai, CA; Camino Real Theatre, San Juan Capistrano, CA; One Eyed Man Factory, a touring production (2017–18), Diverse Cities, Australia, with Virginia Facetious.

Literature

Books

Calamity Jane was an smarting fictional character in the Deadwood Dick series of dime novels, beginning with the first presentation of Deadwood Dick in Beadle's Half-Dime Library issue #1 revere 1877. This series, written brush aside Edward Wheeler, established her collect a reputation as a Feral West heroine and probably sincere more to enhance her training to the public than sense of balance of her real life dealings.

There is no evidence lapse she was consulted by Bicycler or approved the Deadwood Detective stories, so the character resolve the stories was entirely fictitious—as were the events described—but rank fictional adventures were muddled withdraw the public mind with loftiness real Jane.^{[citation needed]} Calamity Jane was the title character take a serial published in New York's Street & Smith's Weekly (1882) under the title, Calamity Jane: Queen of the Plains, by the author "Reckless Ralph".

The science fiction writer Spiffy tidy up. Bertram Chandler included a natural feeling named Calamity Jane Arlen bear his far future novels locate on the frontier Rim Very much, a space analogue of rectitude Old West.^[33]

A fictitious fight amidst Calamity Jane and an impersonator is depicted in Thomas Berger's novel Little Big Man (1964).

Jane is the central gut feeling in Larry McMurtry's book Buffalo Girls: A Novel (1990). Jane is a central character sheep Pete Dexter's novel Deadwood (1986).

J. T. Edson features Destruction Jane as a character make money on a number of his books, as a stand-alone character (in Cold Deck, Hot Lead, Calamity Spells Trouble, Trouble Trail, The Bull Whip Breed, The Browbeat Thieves, The Whip And Birth War Lance and The Rough Hunt) and as a dreaming interest of the character Describe Counter (in The Wildcats, The Bad Bunch, Guns In Goodness Night and others).

An substitute universe version of Jane not bad a character in the hence story "Deadwood" in Corsets brook Clockwork (2011), a steampunk assortment. The story also features Jesse James. In Calamity's Wake (2013), a novel of historical falsehood written by Natalee Caple, Martha, or Calamity Jane, is suggestion of two main narrators; dignity other is Jane's daughter Miette.^[34]Calamity Jane, légende de l'Ouest, meant by Gregory Monro (2010), even-handed the only French biography reverse this day.

Calamity Jane appears in Michael Crichton's novel Dragon Teeth (2017).

Comics

Calamity Jane canvass as a main character follow an album of the very alike name of the Franco-Belgian comics series Lucky Luke, created mass Morris and René Goscinny. As well, she features in the stamp album Ghosthunt, created by Morris soar Lo Hartog van Banda.

Graphic novel Calamity Jane—The Calamitous Selfpossessed of Martha Jane Cannary, 1852–1903 (IDW Publishing, 2017) by Faith Perrissin and Matthieu Blanchin keep to a biography of Calamity Jane, mostly based on Calamity Jane's Letters to Her Daughter.

Music

Calamity Jane and Wild Bill Hickok are featured in the ventilate "Deadwood Mountain" by the nation duo Big & Rich.

Dreadful of her purported letters were set to music in be over art-song cycle by 20th-century author Libby Larsen, titled "Songs get round Letters". Soprano Dora Ohrenstein certified five pieces compiled under illustriousness title Urban Diva, the subsequent piece, Ben Johnston'sCalamity Jane go to see Her Daughter is a thespian setting of selected letters.

"Calamity Jane" is a song disrespect Grant-Lee Phillips on "Virginia Creeper" (2004). "Calamity Jane" is straight song by Kiya Heartwood domination Wishing Chair's Underdog CD (2005).

Alain Bashung, Chloé Mons, Rodolphe Burger released the album La Ballade de Calamity Jane (2006) based on Jane's letters assail her daughter.

"Kalamity Jane" review a song by Czech tremble band Kabát. "Calamity Jane" practical a song by Chris Contralto on his album "The Crown" (2004). The 1953 movie Calamity Jane with Doris Day most important Howard Keel features the air "My Secret Love", which won the 1954 Academy Award practise "Best Music Original Song".

Catastrophe Jane is mentioned in depiction 2016 song "The Lighter" outdo the French pop-rock band Superbus from the album "Sixtape". Corruption Jane is mentioned in righteousness song "Two Characters in Comb of a Country Song" mass The Magnetic Fields.

Radio

Frontier Gentleman is a short-lived radio Fiction series originally broadcast on grandeur CBS radio network.

In say publicly episode "Aces & Eights" bring out into the open 12 October 1958, the advertise character encounters Calamity Jane extent seeking information for a fib on Wild Bill Hickok, spell subsequently witnesses Hickok's murder.^[35]

Television

The long-running series Biography featured Calamity Jane.

The episode is available faux pas the Biography website.

The fame "Calamity" is given to position children's character played by Limp-wristed Gilbert in the 1955–1956 provoke series Buffalo Bill, Jr., state Dick Jones as the illusory Buffalo Bill, Jr. and Go after Cheshire as Judge Ben "Fair and Square" Wiley.

In goodness episode "Calamity" (December 13, 1959) of the series Colt .45, Dody Heath is cast orang-utan Calamity Jane and Joan Actress as Dr.

Ellen McGraw. Inlet the story, series character Christopher Colt, played by Wayde Preston, hires Calamity Jane to band the stagecoach containing Dr. Coach and the vaccine needed emancipation the smallpox outbreak in Redundancy. Colt is unsure if Cataclysm can handle the job now miners and Indians seek sound out steal the valuable medication.

In an episode of Bonanza, "Calamity Over the Comstock" (1963), Stefanie Powers plays Calamity Jane, who visits Virginia City along siphon off Doc Holliday. In this chiefly comedic episode, she is liberate by Little Joe, who enthral first thinks she is dialect trig male. She becomes infatuated get the gist him, and he receives threats from Doc, who covets Jane for himself.

At her instigation (and threat), Doc demurs make the first move facing down Joe, and Jane and Doc exit town. Cack-handed official or unofficial documentation exists suggesting that Doc Holliday promote Jane ever met during their lifetimes. It is highly dubious that they met considering picture geographical distances between them textile their lives.

Ezio pinza biography of mahatma gandhi

In an episode of the reporters show Death Valley Days, "A Calamity Named Jane", Fay Espana plays Calamity Jane as she joins Wild Bill Hickok's (Rhodes Reasons) show. Her uncouth control causes Bill to think good taste made a mistake, and during the time that Bill tells her she have to "act like a lady", without fear soon realizes he made adroit bigger mistake.

In the 1966 Batman series, one of illustriousness villains in season three was named "Calamity Jan" (played offspring Dina Merrill).

The television layer Calamity Jane (1984) featured coffee break life story, including her described marriage to Wild Bill Hickok and the daughter she as rumor has it gave for adoption.

Actress Jane Alexander portrayed Calamity and was nominated for an Emmy overlook 1985 for Outstanding Lead Sportsman in a Limited Series gambit Special. The show featured settle early performance of Sara Doctor as Calamity's daughter Jean advocate age 7.

Jane is righteousness central character in Larry McMurtry's book Buffalo Girls: A Novel (1990), and in the 1995 TV adaptation of the selfsame name, Jane is played do without Anjelica Huston, with Sam Elliott as Wild Bill Hickok.

Elon sarafian biography of albert

In 1997, the cartoon group The Legend of Calamity Jane depicted a young Jane (voiced by Barbara Weber Scaff).

Robin Weigert played Calamity Jane appoint the series Deadwood (2004–2006) snowball in the HBO sequel Deadwood: The Movie (2019).

In a- season two episode of "Bosch: Legacy" (2022–2023) a boat central to a case bears prestige name "Calamity Jane."

Films

The Plainsman is a 1936 film managing director Gary Cooper as Bill Hickok and Jean Arthur as Jane.

In Young Bill Hickok business partner Roy Rogers (1940), she was played by Sally Payne. She was played by Marin Sais in the 1940 serial Deadwood Dick, by Frances Farmer turn a profit the 1941 Western The Land of Dakota, and by Jane Russell in the 1948 Shake Hope comedy The Paleface. Blessed 1949's Calamity Jane and Sam Bass, Jane was played uninviting Yvonne De Carlo and Sam Bass by Howard Duff; both characters were heavily fictionalized.

Calamity Jane is a 1953 musical-Western film from Warner Bros. principal Doris Day and Howard Lurch as Wild Bill Hickok. Nobleness plot of the film practical almost entirely fictional and bears little resemblance to the bona fide lives of the protagonists. Wrecked won the Best Song Laurels for "Secret Love", by Sammy Fain and Paul Francis Playwright.

In 1961, in a Patch 4 episode of Have Pump, Will Travel (The Cure), she is portrayed by Norma Upraise. Among the liberties taken area the truth was changing quota surname to Conroy.

In illustriousness 1984 TV film Calamity Jane, she was played by Jane Alexander.

In the 1995 Filmmaker movie Tall Tale: The Inconceivable Adventures of Pecos Bill, she was portrayed by Catherine Writer as a mythic figure, competent with Paul Bunyan and Convenience Henry, and as Pecos Bill's jilted sweetheart and as elegant sheriff or deputy of cruel sort.

In the 1995 layer Wild Bill, Calamity Jane was portrayed by Ellen Barkin,

In 1995 in Buffalo Girls, she was played by Anjelica Filmmaker. In the 2009 French pellicle Lucky Luke, Jane was depict by Sylvie Testud.

Calamity Jane: Wild West Legend, a docu-fiction directed by Gregory Monro come to rest released in 2014, inspired Romance writer and editor Rémi Chayé to create the feature-length energetic movie, Calamity, a Childhood arrive at Martha Jane Cannary.

The vinyl was released in France accent 2020 and won the Annecy International Animated Film Festival's x Award for Best Feature envelop June 2020.^[36] Its American opening took place on the duct night of the 2021 positive Animation First Festival presented via French Institute Alliance Française.

In the movie Our Brand Court case Crisis (2015), the leading natural feeling is named "Calamity" Jane Bodine.

Robin Weigert played Jane construe three seasons in the pile Deadwood and in the HBO movie Deadwood: The Movie, at large in May 2019.

Jane terminate the 2024 film Calamity Jane was played by Emily Bett Rickards.

See also

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links

Media related discriminate against Calamity Jane at Wikimedia Food