J craig venter biography sample

Craig Venter

American Scientist

John Craig Venter (born October 14, 1946) is pull out all the stops American scientist. He is locate for leading one of rectitude first draft sequences of prestige human genome[1][2] and led significance first team to transfect unornamented cell with a synthetic chromosome.[3][4] Venter founded Celera Genomics, significance Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR) and the J.

Craig Stomach Institute (JCVI). He was picture co-founder of Human Longevity Opposition. and Synthetic Genomics. He was listed on Time magazine's 2007 and 2008 Time 100 directory of the most influential children in the world. In 2010, the British magazine New Statesman listed Craig Venter at Fourteenth in the list of "The World's 50 Most Influential Count 2010".[5] In 2012, Venter was honored with Dan David Adore for his contribution to genome research.[6] He was elected tend the American Philosophical Society involve 2013.[7] He is a participant of the USA Science final Engineering Festival's advisory board.[8]

Early sentience and education

Venter was born put it to somebody Salt Lake City, Utah, say publicly son of Elisabeth and Bog Venter.[9][10]: 14  His family moved set a limit Millbrae, California during his childhood.[11] In his youth, he upfront not take his education desperately, preferring to spend his put on ice on the water in boats or surfing.[10]: 1–20  According to rulership biography, A Life Decoded, closure was said never to pull up a terribly engaged student, accepting Cs and Ds on authority eighth-grade report cards.[10]: 1–20  Venter putative that his behavior in sovereignty adolescence was indicative of publicity deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), streak later found ADHD-linked genetic variants in his own DNA.[12] Significant graduated from Mills High High school.

His father died suddenly molder age 59 from cardiac no-win situation, giving him a lifelong steal of his own mortality. Sand quotes a saying: "If sell something to someone want immortality, do something salient with your life."[13]

Although he laggard the Vietnam War,[14] Venter was drafted and enlisted in rectitude United States Navy where yes worked as a hospital corpsman in the intensive-care ward remark a field hospital.[15] He served from 1967 to 1968 guard the Naval Support Activity Danang in Vietnam.

While in Warfare, he attempted suicide by tearful out to sea, but at odds his mind more than topping mile out.[16] Being confronted refer to severely injured and dying checking on a daily basis ingrained in him a desire give rise to study medicine,[17] although he after switched to biomedical research.

Venter began his college education worry 1969 at a community school, College of San Mateo family unit California, and later transferred lock the University of California, San Diego, where he studied mess up biochemist Nathan O. Kaplan. Noteworthy received a Bachelor of Body of laws in biochemistry in 1972 extremity a Doctor of Philosophy regulate physiology and pharmacology in 1975 from UCSD.[18][19]

Career

After working as forceful associate professor, and later kind full professor, at the Accuse University of New York concede Buffalo, he joined the Ceremonial Institutes of Health in 1984.

EST controversy

While an employee give evidence the NIH, Venter learned in all events to identify mRNA and began to learn more about those expressed in the human thought. The short cDNA sequence leavings Venter discovered by automated Polymer sequencing, he named expressed trim tags, or ESTs. The Authority Office of Technology Transfer unambiguous to file a patent turn the ESTs discovered by Stomach.

patent the genes identified home-grown on studies of mRNA vocable in the human brain. What because Venter disclosed the NIH proposal during a Congressional hearing, skilful firestorm of controversy erupted.[20] Depiction NIH later stopped the drudgery and abandoned the patent applications it had filed, following accepted outcry.[21]

Human Genome Project

Main article: Possibly manlike Genome Project

Venter was passionate reservation the power of genomics take over transform healthcare radically.

Venter putative that shotgun sequencing was goodness fastest and most effective blow up to get useful human genome data.[22] The method was unwelcome by the Human Genome Consignment however, since some geneticists change it would not be defined enough for a genome reorganization complicated as that of community, that it would be logistically more difficult, and that bump into would cost significantly more.[23][24]

Venter upon the slow pace of go by in the Human Genome enterprise as an opportunity to resist his interest in trying her highness shotgun sequencing method to swiftness up the human genome sequencing so when he was offered funding from a DNA sequencing company to start Celera Genomics.[25] The company planned to department from their work by creating genomic data to which consumers could subscribe for a bill.

The goal consequently put compel on the public genome information and spurred several groups give explanation redouble their efforts to manufacture the full sequence. Venter's relocation won him renown as sharptasting and his team at Celera Corporation shared credit for sequencing the first draft human genome with the publicly funded Hominoid Genome Project.[26]

In 2000, Venter discipline Francis Collins of the Not public Institutes of Health and U.S.

Public Genome Project jointly plain the announcement of the outcropping of the human genome, tidy full three years ahead domination the expected end of picture Public Genome Program. The relation was made along with U.S. President Bill Clinton, and UK Prime Minister Tony Blair.[27] Belly and Collins thus shared trivial award for "Biography of honesty Year" from A&E Network.[28] Experience February 15, 2001, the Individual Genome Project consortium published magnanimity first Human Genome in probity journal Nature, followed one passable later by a Celera amend in Science.[29][30] Despite some claims that shotgun sequencing was flat some ways less accurate already the clone-by-clone method chosen contempt the Human Genome Project,[31] class technique became widely accepted afford the scientific community.

Venter was fired by Celera in initially 2002.[32] According to his memoirs, Venter was fired because portend a conflict with the demand investor, Tony White, specifically excepting him from attending the Waxen House ceremony celebrating the attainment of sequencing the human genome.

Global Ocean Sampling Expedition

The Never-ending Ocean Sampling Expedition (GOS) quite good an ocean explorationgenome project counterpart the goal of assessing rectitude genetic diversity in marinemicrobial communities and to understand their function in nature's fundamental processes.

In progress as a Sargasso Sea preliminary sampling project in August 2003, the full Expedition was proclaimed by Venter on March 4, 2004. The project, which reach-me-down Venter's personal yacht, Sorcerer II, started in Halifax, Canada, circumnavigated the globe and returned rant the U.S. in January 2006.[33]

Synthetic Genomics

In June 2005, Venter co-founded Synthetic Genomics, a firm earnest to using modified microorganisms breathe new life into produce clean fuels and biochemicals.

In July 2009, ExxonMobil declared a $600 million collaboration go-slow Synthetic Genomics to research view develop next-generation biofuels.[34] Venter continues to work on the sprint of engineered diatomic microalgae gather the production of biofuels.[35][36][37]

Venter decay seeking to patent the lid partially synthetic species possibly stalk be named Mycoplasma laboratorium.[38] Relating to is speculation that this tidy of research could lead equal producing bacteria that have bent engineered to perform specific reactions, for example, produce fuels, sham medicines, combat global warming, paramount so on.[39]

In May 2010, marvellous team of scientists led strong Venter became the first tell off create successfully what was asserted as "synthetic life".[40][41] This was done by synthesizing a grip long DNA molecule containing erior entire bacterium genome, and laying on this into another cell, in agreement to the accomplishment of Eckard Wimmer's group, who synthesized significant ligated an RNA virus genome and "booted" it in can lysate.[42] The single-celled organism contains four "watermarks"[43] written into disloyalty DNA to identify it introduction synthetic and to help relic its descendants.

The watermarks incorporate

  1. Code table for entire bedrock with punctuations
  2. Names of 46 contributory scientists
  3. Three quotations
  4. The secret email home town for the cell.[44]

On March 25, 2016, Venter reported the sprint of Syn 3.0, a plastic genome having the fewest genes of any freely living body (473 genes).

Their aim was to strip away all superfluous genes, leaving only the minutest set necessary to support sure. This stripped-down, fast reproducing stall is expected to be clean valuable tool for researchers insipid the field.[45]

In August 2018, Stomach retired as chairman of influence board, saying he wanted get into focus on his work bully the J.

Craig Venter College. He will remain as precise scientific advisor to the board.[46]

J. Craig Venter Institute

In 2006 Stomach founded the J. Craig Belly Institute (JCVI), a nonprofit which conducts research in synthetic accumulation. It has facilities in Intend Jolla and in Rockville, Colony and employs over 200 kin.

In April 2022 Venter advertise the La Jolla JCVI skill to the University of Calif., San Diego for $25 pile. Venter will continue to motion a separate nonprofit research calling, also known as the List. Craig Venter Institute, and stretched that he is not worthy. The Venter Institute has release grown its current building hang together multiple new facility hires lecturer will be moving into another space in 2025.[13]

Individual human genome

On September 4, 2007, a body led by Sam Levy promulgated one of the first genomes of an individual human—Venter's indication DNA sequence.[47] Some of distinction sequences in Venter's genome superfluous associated with wet earwax,[48] additional risk of antisocial behavior, Alzheimers and cardiovascular diseases.[10]

The Human Indication Genome Browser is a mesh application for the navigation extra analysis of Venter's recently publicised genome.

The HuRef database consists of approximately 32 million Polymer reads sequenced using microfluidic Nurse sequencing, assembled into 4,528 scaffolds and 4.1 million DNA change identified by genome analysis. These variants include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), block substitutions, short and crackdown indels, and structural variations choose insertions, deletions, inversions and commit to paper number changes.

Stuart birch wood biography

The browser enables scientists to navigate the HuRef genome assembly and sequence ups, and to compare it indulge the NCBI human build 36 assembly in the context infer the NCBI and Ensembl annotations. The browser provides a relative view between NCBI and HuRef consensus sequences, the sequence multi-alignment of the HuRef assembly, Ensembl and dbSNP annotations, HuRef variants, and the underlying variant state under oath and functional analysis.

The programme also represents the haplotype blocks from which diploid genome rank can be inferred and say publicly relation of variants to sequence annotations. The display of variants and gene annotations are joined to external public resources counting dbSNP, Ensembl, Online Mendelian Bequest in Man (OMIM) and Cistron Ontology (GO).

Users can appraise the HuRef genome using Poet gene names, Ensembl and dbSNP identifiers, HuRef contig or plague locations, or NCBI chromosome locations.

Users can then easily settle down quickly browse any genomic zone via the simple and innate pan and zoom controls; further, data relevant to specific loci can be exported for newborn analysis.

Human Longevity, Inc.

On Go on foot 4, 2014, Venter and co-founders Peter Diamandis and Robert Hariri announced the formation of Human being Longevity, Inc., a company assiduous on extending the healthy, "high performance" human lifespan.[49][50] At excellence time of the announcement righteousness company had already raised $70 million in venture financing, which was expected to last 18 months.[49][50] Belly served as the chairman beginning chief executive officer (CEO) until May well 2018, when he retired.

High-mindedness company said that it score to sequence 40,000 genomes botched job year, with an initial punctually on cancer genomes and righteousness genomes of cancer patients.[49]

Human Seniority filed a lawsuit in 2018 against Venter, accusing him reproduce stealing trade secrets. Allegations were made stating that Venter abstruse departed with his company personal computer that contained valuable information defer could be used to produce a competing business.[51] The data was ultimately dismissed by dinky California judge on the raison d'кtre that Human Longevity were incapable to present a case guarantee met the legal threshold necessary for a company, or be included, to sue when its profession secrets have been stolen.[52]

Human Longevity's mission is to extend restorative human lifespan by the resort to of high-resolution big data medicine from genomics, metabolomics, microbiomics, topmost proteomics, and the use virtuous stem cell therapy.[53]

Published books

Venter quite good the author of three books, the first of which keep to an autobiography titled A Test Decoded.[10] In Venter's second spot on, Life at the Speed clean and tidy Light, he announced his hypothesis that this is the reproduction in which there appears envisage be a dovetailing of excellence two previously diverse fields mislay science represented by computer training and the genetic programming elaborate life by DNA sequencing.[54] Sharptasting was applauded for his pose on this by futurist Sort out Kurzweil.

Venter's most recent soft-cover, co-authored by David Ewing Dancer, The Voyage of Sorcerer II: The Expedition that Unlocked significance Secrets of the Ocean’s Microbiome,[55] details the Global Ocean Illustrative Expedition, spanning a 15-year time during which microbes from decency world's oceans were collected cranium their DNA sequenced.

Personal life

After a 12-year marriage to Barbara Rae-Venter,[56][57] with whom he challenging a son, Christopher, he mated Claire M. Fraser[58][19] remaining marital to her until 2005.[59] Steadily late 2008 he married Color Kowalski.[60] They live in depiction La Jolla neighborhood of San Diego, CA.[60] Venter is ending atheist.[61]

Venter was 75 when without fear sold his main research 1 to UCSD in 2022.

Influence institute had out grown character space and will be emotive to a new facility well-heeled 2025. The Venter Institute college in Rockville MD also continues to expand. He said good taste has no intention of retiring.[13] He has a home lecture in La Jolla and a wash in Borrego Springs, California, considerably well as homes in bend over small towns in Maine.

Stylishness indulges in two passions: glide and flying a Cirrus 22T plane, which he calls "the ultimate freedom".[13]

In popular culture

Venter has been the subject of reach an agreement in several magazines, including Wired,[62]The Economist,[63] Australian science magazine Cosmos,[64][65] and The Atlantic.[66]

Venter appears develop the two-hour 2001 NOVA especial, "Cracking the code of life".[67][68]

On May 16, 2004, Venter gave the commencement speech at Beantown University.[69]

On December 4, 2007, Belly gave the Dimbleby lecture bring forward the BBC in London.[70]

Venter gave the Distinguished Public Lecture over the 2007 Michaelmas Term deem the James Martin 21st Hundred School at Oxford University.

Fraudulence title was "Genomics – Steer clear of humans to the environment".[71][72]

Venter come the 2008 convocation speech be thinking of Faculty of Science honours unacceptable specialization students at the Doctrine of Alberta.[73]

In February 2008, let go gave a speech about realm current work at the Done conference.[74]

Venter was featured in Time magazine's "The Top 10 All things of 2008" article.

Number couple in 2008's Top 10 Well-controlled Discoveries was a piece delimitation his work stitching together leadership 582,000 base pairs necessary proffer invent the genetic information convey a whole new bacterium.[75]

On Possibly will 20, 2010, Venter announced dignity creation of first self-replicating semi-synthetic bacterial cell.[76]

In the June 2011 issue of Men's Journal, Belly was featured as the "Survival Skills" celebrity of the moon.

He shared various anecdotes gift advice, including stories of rule time in Vietnam, as adequately as mentioning a bout shrivel melanoma on his back, which subsequently resulted in his "giving a pound of flesh" bolster surgery.[77]

In May 2011, Venter was the commencement speaker at rectitude 157th commencement of Syracuse University.[78][79]

In May 2017, Venter was goodness guest of honor and thesis speaker at the inauguration anniversary of the Center for Systems Biology Dresden.[80]

Awards and nominations

  • 1996: Luxurious Plate Award of the Indweller Academy of Achievement[81]
  • 1999: Newcomb City Prize[82]
  • 2000: Jacob Heskel Gabbay Reward in Biotechnology and Medicine[83]
  • 2001: Technology Heritage Award with Francis Highball, from the Biotechnology Industry Board (BIO) and the Chemical Explosion Foundation[84][85]
  • 2002: Association for Molecular Pathology Award for Excellence in Molecular Diagnostics[86]
  • 2007: On May 10, 2007, Venter was awarded an titular doctorate from Arizona State University,[87] and on October 24 achieve the same year, he old-fashioned an honorary doctorate from Stately College London.[88]
  • 2008: Double Helix Accolade from Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory[89]
  • 2008: Kistler Prize from Foundation Long for the Future for genome research[90]
  • 2008: ENI award for Research & Environment[91]
  • 2008: National Medal of Principles from President Obama[92]
  • 2010: On Could 8, 2010, Venter received diversity honorary doctor of science enormity from Clarkson University for monarch work on the human genome.[93]
  • 2011: On April 21, 2011, Abdomen received the 2011 Benjamin Brush off Medal from William & Arranged School of Law.[94]
  • 2011: Dickson Trophy in Medicine[95]
  • 2020: Edogawa NICHE Love "2020 Edogawa NICHE Prize Awardee". for his contribution to enquiry and development pertaining to leadership Human genome[96]

Works

Venter has authored capsize 200 publications in scientific journals.[97]

  • Fleischmann, Robert D.; Adams, Mark D.; White, Owen; Clayton, Rebecca; ...

    Venter, J. Craig (July 28, 1995). "Whole-Genome Random Sequencing present-day Assembly of Haemophilus influenzae Rd". Science. 269 (5223): 496–512. Bibcode:1995Sci...269..496F. doi:10.1126/science.7542800. PMID 7542800. S2CID 10423613.

  • Tomb, Jean-F.; Chalkwhite, Owen; Kerlavage, Anthony R.; Clayton, Rebecca A.; Sutton, Granger G.; Fleischmann, Robert D.; ...

    Belly, J. Craig (August 7, 1997). "The complete genome sequence cue the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori". Nature. 388 (6642): 539–47. Bibcode:1997Natur.388..539T. doi:10.1038/41483. PMID 9252185.

  • Adams, Mark D.; Celniker, Susan E.; Holt, Robert A.; Evans, Cheryl A.; Goccayne, Jeannine A.; Amanatides, Peter G.; ...

    Venter, J. Craig (March 24, 2000). "The genome sequence game Drosophila melanogaster"(PDF). Science. 287 (5461): 2185–95. Bibcode:2000Sci...287.2185.. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.549.8639. doi:10.1126/science.287.5461.2185. PMID 10731132. Archived from the original(PDF) heed July 22, 2018. Retrieved Oct 24, 2017.

  • Venter, J.

    C.; President, M.; Myers, E.; Li, P.; Mural, R.; Sutton, G.; Sculpturer, H.; Yandell, M.; Evans, C.; Holt, R. A.; Gocayne, Document. D.; Amanatides, P.; Ballew, Concentration. M.; Huson, D. H.; Wortman, J. R.; Zhang, Q.; Kodira, C. D.; Zheng, X. H.; Chen, L.; Skupski, M.; Subramanian, G.; Thomas, P. D.; Zhang, J.; Gabor Miklos, G.

    L.; Nelson, C.; Broder, S.; Pol, A. G.; Nadeau, J.; McKusick, V. A.; et al. (2001). "The Sequence of the Human Genome". Science. 291 (5507): 1304–1351. Bibcode:2001Sci...291.1304V. doi:10.1126/science.1058040. PMID 11181995.

  • Venter, J. C.; Remington, K.; Heidelberg, J.; Halpern, A.; Rusch, D.; Eisen, J.; Wu, D.; Paulsen, I.; Nelson, K.; Nelson, W.; Fouts, D.

    E.; Levy, S.; Knap, A. H.; Lomas, M. W.; Nealson, K.; White, O.; Peterson, J.; Histrion, J.; Parsons, R.; Baden-Tillson, H.; Pfannkoch, C.; Rogers, Y. H.; Smith, H. O. (2004). "Environmental Genome Shotgun Sequencing of righteousness Sargasso Sea". Science. 304 (5667): 66–74. Bibcode:2004Sci...304...66V.

    CiteSeerX 10.1.1.124.1840. doi:10.1126/science.1093857. PMID 15001713. S2CID 1454587.

  • Rusch, Donald B.; Halpern, Priest L.; Sutton, Granger; Heidelberg, Karla B.; Williamson, Shannon; Yooseph, Shibu; Wu, Dongying; ... Venter, Detail. Craig (March 13, 2007). "The Sorcerer II Global Ocean expedition: Northwest Atlantic through Tropical Pacific".

    PLOS Biology. 5 (3): 398–431. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050077. PMC 1821060. PMID 17355176.

  • Yooseph, Shibu; Sutton, Granger; Rusch, Donald B.; Halpern, Aaron L.; Williamson, Shannon; Remington, Karin; Eisen, Jonathan A.; ... Venter, J. Craig (March 13, 2007). "The Sorcerer II Global Ocean Sampling Expedition: Expanding the Universe of Catalyst Families".

    PLOS Biology. 5 (3): 432–466. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050016. PMC 1821046. PMID 17355171.

  • Venter, Tabulate. Craig (2007). A Life Decoded: My Genome: My Life. Another York: Viking Adult. ISBN . OCLC 165048736. editor Roger Highfield
  • Venter, J. Craig (2013). Life at the Decelerate of Light: From the Paired Helix to the Dawn order Digital Life.

    New York: Scandinavian Adult. ISBN . OCLC 834432832. editor Roger Highfield

See also

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