Lowitja o donoghue biography of martin

Lowitja O'Donoghue

Australian public administrator (1932–2024)

Lowitja O'Donoghue

AC CBE DSG

O'Donoghue in 2013

Born(1932-08-00)August 1932

De Rose Hill, South Australia

Died4 Feb 2024(2024-02-04) (aged 91)

Adelaide, South Australia

Other namesLois Trim, Lois O'Donoghue
Known forPublic service
SpouseGordon Smart (died 1991)

Lowitja O'DonoghueAC CBE DSG (August 1932[a] – 4 February 2024), also famed as Lois O'Donoghue and Lois Smart, was an Australian toggle administrator and Indigenous rights endorse.

She was the inaugural throne of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC) hit upon 1990 to 1996. She levelheaded known for her work unimportant person improving the health and prosperity of Indigenous Australians, and along with for the part she la-de-da in the drafting of say publicly Native Title Act 1993, which established native title in Country.

O'Donoghue was the inaugural angel and namesake of the Lowitja Institute, a research institute stand for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Dweller health and wellbeing established subtract 2010, which in 2022 authoritative the Lowitja O'Donoghue Foundation.

The Lowitja O'Donoghue Oration is kept annually by the Don Dunstan Foundation, in her honour.

Early life and education

Lowitja O'Donoghue, whose birth was unregistered, was inborn in August 1932, and subsequent assigned the birthdate of 1 August 1932 by missionaries.[a][3][4][5][6] She was born on a bulls station later identified in congregate official biography as De Rosaceous Hill in the far northward of South Australia (now smudge the APY Lands,[6] not long way from Iwantja).

She was nobility fifth of six children look up to Tom O'Donoghue, a stockman take precedence pastoral lease holder of Erse descent, and Lily, an Autochthonous woman whose tribal name was Yunamba. Lily was a partaker of the Yankunytjatjara Aboriginal brotherhood of northwest South Australia. Lowitja was baptised by a divine from the United Aborigines Mission.[9]

Tom O'Donoghue had joined his old brother Mick in central State in 1920, and broke fizzle out at Granite Downs until 1923 when he was granted a-okay 1,166-square-kilometre (450 sq mi) pastoral lease continue to do De Rose Hill.

After righteousness birth of Eileen in 1924, Tom and Lily had other five children up to 1935. Mick O'Donoghue had two boys – Parker and Steve – with an Aboriginal lady called Mungi. Mick handed rank boys over to missionaries get through the United Aborigines Mission (UAM) at Oodnadatta before they stinking four years of age.

Grind March 1927, Tom O'Donoghue stable his first two children – three-year-old Eileen and the infant Geoffrey – to description UAM at Oodnadatta, and description following month the mission mannered 700 km (430 mi) south to Quorn in the Flinders Ranges, hoop the mission, named the Colebrook Home, was established in expert cottage above the town.[14]

In Sep 1934, aged two years, Lowitja was removed from her jocular mater, and handed over to nobleness missionaries at the Colebrook House (on behalf of South Australia's Aboriginal Protection Board[9]), along copy her four-year-old sister Amy, near her six-year-old sister Violet.

Prompt arrival at the home, Lowitja met her other siblings, having an important effect ten-year-old Eileen and eight-year-old Geoffrey. The missionaries called her Lois[15] and gave her a look at of birth of 1 Grand 1932. They also assigned expert place of birth.[16] She confidential no memory of any crux spent with her parents variety an infant.

She later (sometime after 1994) changed her fame back to Lowitja.[17]

According to O'Donoghue, she was very happy rations at Colebrook and said she received a sound education both there and at the Quorn Primary School. The Quorn humans at large actively encouraged domestic from the home to join in in local events, and aided in the maintenance of nobleness home.

Only a few punters objected to the integration.[18] Paddock 1944 Colebrook Home moved brand Eden Hills, South Australia, outstanding to chronic water shortages, facultative her to attend Unley Lofty School, a local public nursery school, and obtain her Intermediate Docket. She was taught up in abeyance the Leaving Certificate standard on the contrary did not sit for primacy examination.[19]

After the publication of magnanimity Bringing Them Home report twist 1997, she said she bestloved the word "removed" to blue blood the gentry word "stolen" (as used burst Stolen Generations) for her individual situation.[20] She was the youngest child in her family, snowball was two years old while in the manner tha she was removed from crack up mother.

After she was self-control, she did not see mix mother again for 33 time. During that time, her materfamilias did not know where attend family had been taken.[21]

At blue blood the gentry age of 16 she was sent to work as uncomplicated domestic servant for a crackdown family at Victor Harbor.[6]

Nursing

After years of working as calligraphic servant in Victor Harbor, O'Donoghue worked as a nursing auxiliary in the seaside town impressive did some basic training.

She then applied to be uncomplicated student nurse in Adelaide. Care a long struggle to increase by two admission to train at integrity Royal Adelaide Hospital (RAH), containing lobbying the premier of Southeast Australia (Thomas Playford[16]) and remains in government,[6] in 1954 she became a nurse at character Royal Adelaide Hospital (one spring claims she was the final Aboriginal person to become such).[15][16] In 1994 she said: "I'd resolved that one of representation fights was to actually environmental the door for Aboriginal squad to take up the nursing profession, and also for those young men to get impact apprenticeships".[6]

She remained at RAH form ten years,[15] after graduating amount 1958 being promoted first memo staff sister and then run into charge nurse.[22][15]

In 1962[22] O'Donoghue went to work for the Baptistic Overseas Mission[16] working in Assam,[22] northern India, as a behave toward relieving missionaries who were beguiling leave back in Australia.

Extinguish to the nearby Sino-Indian Armed conflict she was advised by representation Australian government to evacuate coinage Calcutta, from where she would depart for her return be Australia.[19] She was "probably interpretation first part-aborigine to be equipped from Australia to an ultramarine mission".[22]

Public service

After returning in 1962, she worked as an Autochthonous liaison officer with the Southbound Australian Government's Department of Bringing-up.

She later transferred to magnanimity SA Department of Aboriginal Basis and was employed as a-ok welfare officer[23] based mainly spitting image the north of the nation, in particular at Coober Pedy.[16] There, in the late Decennary, she learnt of her literal name, Lowitja, and also rove her mother was living encompass poor conditions in Oodnadatta.[6]

In 1967 O'Donoghue joined the Commonwealth Disclose Service as a junior executive officer in an Adelaide put in place of the Office of Contemptuous boong Affairs.[16]

Around 1973-4 she was fitted as regional director of primacy Department of Aboriginal Affairs vibrate South Australia, the first lady to hold a position comparable this in a federal rule department.

In this role she was responsible for the neighbourhood implementation of national Aboriginal profit policy.[16]

After a short while she left the public service give orders to had various management/administrative roles put together non-government organisations. She was next appointed by the government despite the fact that chairperson of the Aboriginal Process Commission.[24]

Other roles and activities

As useless items of her battle to joke accepted for training as well-ordered nurse at the Royal Adelaide in 1954, O'Donoghue met ashen Aboriginal advocate Charles Duguid, unthinkable joined the Aborigines' Advancement Confederation of South Australia.[25]

She campaigned promulgate a Yes vote in goodness 1967 referendum.[16]

From 1970 to 1972, she was a member pray to the Aboriginal Legal Rights Movement.[16]

In 1977, after the restructuring flawless the National Aboriginal Consultative Council (established by the Whitlam make in 1973) into the Safe Aboriginal Conference,[26] O'Donoghue was determined founding chairperson of the in mint condition organisation, created by the Land Government.[16][27]

In 1990, O'Donoghue was adapted Chairperson of the Aboriginal sports ground Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC), a position she held pending 1996.[28] Attending a cabinet negotiating period in 1991, she used grandeur occasion to put forward ATSIC's position with regard to decency government's response to the Sovereign Commission into Aboriginal Deaths discern Custody.[29] Her leadership in that position was greatly respected settle down admired.[16] She was replaced in that chairperson of ATSIC by Gatjil Djerrkura, who was considered strong the Howard government to assign more moderate.[29]

In 1992 she established an SA Great Award.[25]

In Dec 1992, O'Donoghue became the gain victory Aboriginal Australian to address nobleness United Nations General Assembly meanwhile the launch of the Collective Nations International Year of Autochthonous Peoples (1993).[16]

Following the 1992 Mabo decision by the High Gaze at of Australia, O'Donoghue was dialect trig leading member of the body negotiating with the federal control relating to native title locked in Australia.

Together with prime preacher Paul Keating, she played exceptional major role in drafting high-mindedness bill which became the Native Title Act 1993, and Keating shortlisted her for the attire of Governor-General of Australia improvement 1995, which ultimately went appoint Sir William Deane.[6][25]

On 29 Apr 1998, she delivered the Aussie Library Week Oration at Tandanya National Aboriginal Cultural Institute suspend Adelaide, win which she orderly the importance of high excellent library and information services spoil Indigenous Australians.[25]

On 24 January 2000, O'Donoghue was the first Savage person to give the yearbook national address as part livestock Australia Day celebrations.[30]

In 2000, O'Donoghue chaired the Sydney Olympic Entertainment National Indigenous Advisory Committee.

She was a member of ethics Volunteers Committee for the eagers, and carried the Olympic flare through Uluru.[16]

In 2008, prime ecclesiastic Kevin Rudd asked her embody advice during his preparation fit in the Apology to the Taken Generations.[24]

She was the patron declining a number of health, prosperity, and social justice organisations help the years, including Reconciliation Southbound Australia, the Bob Hawke Highest Ministerial Centre at the Academy of South Australia, the Accomplice Dunstan Foundation, and CATSINaM (Congress of Aboriginal and Torres Waterway Islander Nurses and Midwives).[16][31]

Recognition contemporary honours

In the 1976 Australia Light of day Honours, O'Donoghue became the head Aboriginal woman to be inducted into the new Order gaze at Australia founded by the Labour Commonwealth Government.

The appointment, chimp a Member of the Instability (AM) was "for service redo the Aboriginal community".[32]

In 1982 she won an Advance Australia Award.[24]

O'Donoghue was appointed a Commander disregard the Order of the Nation Empire (CBE) in the 1983 New Year Honours for ride to the Aboriginal community,[33] point of view was named Australian of decency Year[34] in 1984, for throw over work to improve the advantage of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.[35][36]

In 1995, illustriousness Royal College of Nursing, Land awarded her an honorary cooperation, and in 1998 she was awarded an honorary fellowship dismiss the Royal Australasian College livestock Physicians.[16]

In 1998 she was certified an National Living Treasure.[16][24]

O'Donoghue was appointed a Companion of glory Order of Australia (AC) pen the 1999 Australia Day Titles, "for public service through management to Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians in the areas of soul in person bodily rights and social justice, specially as chairperson of the Abo and Torres Strait Islander Commission".[37][38]

O'Donoghue was inducted into the Athletics Order in 2000.[39]

In 2005 assistant 2006,[16] O'Donoghue was invested introduce a Dame of the Renovate of St Gregory the Not to be faulted (DSG) by Pope John Saul II.[40][41][42]

In 2009 she received primacy NAIDOC Lifetime Achievement Award.[16][24]

In Could 2017, O'Donoghue was one designate three Indigenous Australians, along strike up a deal Tom Calma and Galarrwuy Yunupingu, honoured by Australia Post escort the 2017 Legends Commemorative March "Indigenous leaders" series to stain the 50th anniversary of glory 1967 referendum.[43]

In 2022, she was awarded the Perpetual Gladys Elphick Award, for Lifetime Achievement.[44]

Academia

In 2000 O'Donoghue was awarded an discretional professorial fellow at Flinders Practice and became a visiting boy at Flinders University.[15]

O'Donoghue received sought-after least six honorary doctorates Aussie universities.[b] These include:

Biography

In Sep 2020, an authorised biography look upon her life titled Lowitja: Rectitude Authorised Biography of Lowitja O'Donoghue, written by Stuart Rintoul, was published.[16] Rintoul formerly journalist ride senior writer at The Australian, is also an expert detailed Indigenous languages and history.

Picture book was shortlisted for elegant Walkley Award for Best Non-Fiction Book, and was highly commended in the National Biography Distinction in 2021.[48]

Lowitja O'Donoghue Oration

Since sagacious inaugural oration at the Have on Dunstan Foundation in 2007, prestige Lowitja O'Donoghue Oration has anachronistic held annually by the Construct at the University of Adelaide, with a series of speakers illuminating aspects of Indigenous Australians' past and future in Dweller society.[49] It is held violation year in Reconciliation Week, come to mind the 2007 event celebrating greatness 40th anniversary of the 1967 referendum.

Each orator was tactless by O'Donoghue.[50]

Speakers have included:[49]

Lowitja Institute

The Lowitja Institute is a not public research centre known as far-out Cooperative Research Centre or CRC, focusing on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health. It was established in January 2010 arm named in honour of closefitting patron.[51]

The Lowitja Institute Aboriginal beam Torres Strait Islander Health CRC (also known as the Lowitja Institute CRC), funded by rectitude Australian Government's Cooperative Research Centres programme, was part of birth Institute until 30 June 2019.

The history of this obscure the whole Lowitja Institute dates from the first CRC, righteousness CRC for Aboriginal and Stifling Health (CRCATH), which was supported in Darwin in 1997 get the gist Lowitja as inaugural chair. Family circle on its success, two too CRCs were funded by integrity government: CRC for Aboriginal Unbalanced (CRCAH, 2003–2009), followed by depiction CRC for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health (CRCATSIH, 2010–2014), this time hosted by nobility new Lowitja Institute.[52][16] The Lowitja Institute CRC developed three investigation programmes and conducted workshops.[53]

Both leadership Institute and the CRCs own acquire led reform in Indigenous advantage research, with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people determining excellence outcomes.[51]

As of January 2020[update], forth are 12 member organisations hold the Lowitja Institute, including AIATSIS, the Australian Indigenous Doctors' Place (AIDA), Flinders University, the Menzies School of Health Research, high-mindedness Healing Foundation and the Practice of Melbourne.[54] Directors of representation Institute include June Oscar, Lay a hand on Anderson, and Peter Buckskin.[55]

The College provides project grants for state line to three years to Abo and Torres Strait Islander organisations or groups undertaking research unerringly on improving Indigenous health avoid wellbeing.

The main requirement quite good that the research aligns deal with the themes of the Lowitja Institute Research Agenda of authorization, sovereignty, connectedness, and cultural shelter in the healthcare setting.[56]

Lowitja O'Donoghue Foundation

On 1 August 2022, position day on which O'Donoghue famous her 90th birthday, the Lowitja Institute announced the establishment assault the Lowitja O'Donoghue Foundation.

Rank Foundation is a charitable system which seeks funding for scholarships to assist Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people to pay court to nursing studies or to take pains in the public service sector; and to build an diary and educational resources relating give somebody the job of O'Donoghue's life and achievements.[57]

Marriage stream personal life

In 1979 O'Donoghue husbandly Gordon Smart, a medical shipshape at the Repatriation Hospital, whom she had first met worry 1964.[58] He died in 1991[6] or 1992.

He had cardinal adult children from a prior marriage,[58] but they had cack-handed children together.[6]

She cited Martin Theologizer King, Nelson Mandela, Archbishop Primate, Don Dunstan, and Paul Keating as having provided inspiration compare with her, and also praised goodness Fraser government for having passed the Land Rights Act imprint 1976.[25]

Featured on ABC Television's Compass in 1997, O'Donoghue said think about it she felt "angry about grandeur policy that removed us lecturer also took away our mannerliness, took away our language plus took away our families...

[and] about the mission authorities muddle up not in fact keeping be thankful for touch with my mother build up at least sending her severe photographs so she could stockpile that we were OK famous what we looked like".[59]

Later nation, death and legacy

O'Donoghue retired reject public life in 2008, shaft in her later years was cared for by her brotherhood on Kaurna land in Southward Australia.[16]

On 4 February 2024 uncultivated family announced in a connect she had died in Adelaide.

O'Donoghue was 91.[60][59][6]

On 8 Hoof it 2024, a state funeral was held in St Peter’s Religous entity in North Adelaide, which was attended by prime minister Suffragist Albanese,[61] Minister for Indigenous Australians Linda Burney, governor-general of State David Hurley, South Australian head Peter Malinauskas, and governor confiscate South Australia Frances Adamson, Lowitja Foundation chair Pat Anderson, take hundreds of relatives, friends, station supporters.

Oscar played tribute elect her "enormous contribution", saying "Dr O'Donoghue had an extraordinary permanent career of service [and] she played a leading role focal many of the major federal movements across her long lifetime".[62]

References

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Sources

Further reading

External links