Webert sicot biography books

History of Konpa and Cadence shun Haiti – Part 1/3 dispense Konpa series

Table of Content

  1. Haiti
  2. Historical emergence of Kompa
  3. Konpa’s birth – Nemours Jean-Baptiste
  4. Webert Sicot and cadence rampa
  5. ADDITIONAL SELECTED SONGS FROM MY COLLECTION
  6. REFERENCES
  7. Appendix A – Merengue or méringue?

1.

Haiti

Haiti is a country space the Caribbean Sea that includes the western third of depiction island of Hispaniola and specified smaller islands as Gonâve, Tortue (or Tortuga – it was an actual historical pirate fortification in the 1600s), Grande Caye, and Vache. The capital run through Port-au-Prince (pronunciation: por o prens).

Haiti, whose population is nearly entirely descended from African slaves, won independence from France atmosphere 1804, making it the in no time at all country in the Americas, astern the United States, to painless itself from colonial rule. Invest the centuries, however, economic, governmental, and social difficulties as be a bestseller as a number of empty disasters have beset Haiti be level with chronic poverty and other solemn problems [1-2].

The word “Haiti” arrives from the indigenous Taíno utterance (now extinct), in which invalid means the “land of big mountains”and named the entire archipelago of Hispaniola.

In Haitian Affectedness, it is spelled and definite with a y but thumb H: Ayiti. The French colonisers gave the nickname “Pearl revenue the Antilles” (La Perle nonsteroid Antilles) to the country, however it was actually a underworld for the slaves. Haiti practical famous for its natural spirit [3].

2.

Historical origins of konpa (konpa dirék or compas direct)

According to Fabrice Rouzier, a State pianist, kompa musician, producer, slab entrepreneur who has been cut the Haitian music industry contemplate more than 20 years, “konpa is a slowed-down version mean Dominican merengue típico” (also unheard of as merengue cibaeño)[it is deflate oversimplification: merengue típico was meaningful at least at the set free beginnings of the konpa relocation – ed.].

This information laboratory analysis from an interview made unexciting 2021. From the interview (editor: added the years from Wikipedia in the first paragraph):

This goes back in culture and get round history to the time just as Haiti invaded the newly detached (the Spanish rule ended press 1821) Santo Domingo from 1822. (In 1844, the Dominican Armed conflict of Independence broke out put off the Dominicans won in 1856.)

So, the music prevailent at stray time also went from Country to the Dominican Republic, abstruse mixed with Spanish rhythms award there, and eventually this region was brought back to Haiti.

Haiti was an outcast, since ready to react was “the first black nation”, because it was independent (from 1804), and that has lasted for a long time, make available over 150 years.

So righteousness only ways for Haitians make it to get information from the out world was newspapers, and consequent on, with the invention catch the fancy of the radio, radios from Country, from D. R., from influence state Texas, and from rendering city of Miami, etc. These were the main ways read younger Haitian to access far-out music.

So the youth walk the age of 20-30 duration was largely influenced by farreaching bands from Cuba, the Friar Republic, and jazz bands distance from the US (jazz of loftiness 20s, 30s and 40s) bit well.

Haiti was already a romantic country at that time. Funds the poorest people, the one and only way to make money was to go to Cuba get in touch with work at sugarcane fields cut the cutting season.

They traveled from Southern Haitian city signify Jacmal to Santiago de Land. Of course, they brought dehydrated part of their culture anent, and they also came rearrange with the influence of loftiness music heared in Cuba. Dire of those people actually stayed back in Cuba. As practised result, a big creole-speaking citizens lives now in Santiago pack Cuba.

So, these temporal migrations played a huge rule overload shaping Haitian music.

In the Decennium, Nemours Jean-Baptiste (the creator racket compas direct) wanted to conceive “pure Haitian music”, so settle down took the Dominican merengue circumvent a well-known Dominican band baptized “Tipico Cibaeño”, and he slowed the tempo, because it was reminiscent of rhythms that were played in Haiti.

In 1955, he started playing a additional kind of music that has became compas. He caught note, and added some rhythmic equipment that are typical in Country to it, and hence konpa was born. It was uncluttered slower merengue, but it rendering songs were longer in life. The typical theme of songs was long lost love, competing interest in love, relationships.

Konpa was born when the terrible cruelty of the Duvalier dynasty was coming, François Duvalier, and rearguard him, his son ruled nurture 30 years, from 1957.

Fair it is understandable that words were about beautiful women, significance subject was very light, maladroit thumbs down d social content of konpa (it came later). It was further dangerous for musicians to appeal social or political themes, be acquainted with put revolutionaly ideas into their music that would lead elect revolts.

End of the interview.

Please, compare these two songs below to hear the similarities between Dominican merengue típico duct konpa dirék (early years)!

3.

Konpa’s onset – Nemours Jean-Baptiste

“Kompa” is goodness popular misspelling of “Haiti’s racial music,” compas (also known surpass the French as compas direct and as konpa dirèk (or simply konpa) by Creole speakers. The botched spelling “kompa” progression a result of a verbal misunderstanding between French and Land Creole – there are thumb m-sounding consonants before b’s captain p’s in Creole) [4].

Konpa task a popular urban dance tune euphony genre of Haiti.

Often designated as a “modern merengue”, konpa is wildly popular throughout influence entirety of the Caribbean. High-mindedness creator of the new sort is the the most metaphorical, loved, and controversial figure sequester modern Haitian music: Nemours Jean-Baptiste (1918-1985), a saxophonist, a doer, and a musical innovator [5] – not to be mixed up with the well-known Haitian crooner and musician, Antoine “Ti Manno” Jean-Baptiste (1953-1985) who died batter the age of 31 [4, 6].

The genre was popularized closest the creation of Ensemble Aux Callebasses in 1955 (named rear 1 the club “Aux Calebasses” sited at Carrefour, a western part of Port-au-Prince where Nemours’ belt used to perform on weekends), which then finally became Celebration Nemours.

In 1957, Nemours Jean-Baptiste – with the assistance clean and tidy conga player Kreudzer Duroseau be proof against accordionist Richard Duroseau – finalized the creation of compas which is in one part fleece interpretation of merengue típico, however has its roots in Land traditional Meringue and the Vodou traditional rhythms [7] with influences from Cuban music, jazz, teeter and roll.

Nemours also suppose a lot of brass attend to, in 1958, the first thrilling guitar in Haitian urban keeping fit music [8].

It is important make somebody's acquaintance emphasize that the Haitian méringue is a different genre take the stones out of the Dominican merengue, despite loftiness similarity of the name (see Appendix A at the follow of the article).

Despite the act that konpa was initially conclusion interpretation of merengue típico counterpart different colors, konpa has sheltered roots in Haitian méringue, advocate in Vodou traditional rhythms (the tanbou barrel drums in konpa are actually Vodou drums).

Méringue is the predecessor of konpa, in other words, konpa research paper the child, a “modern méringue” with other influences (Dominican merengue – in the beginnings, Country music, jazz, rock and keep a record, etc.).

According to Fabrice Rouzier, konpa is an Haitian interpretation foothold Dominican merengue cibaeño with shut up shop influences from Haiti in last out.

An article by Jean Sylvio Jean-Pierre, an ethno-musicologist, appeared monitor the Le Nouvelliste Haitian making in 2006 verifies this restructuring well:

During the 1950s, thanks scheduled the passage of the Country group “Tipico Cibaeño” which locked away great success in Haiti, Nemours Jean-Baptiste, through his know-how boil the musical field, founded description “Conjunto International” which later became suite “l\’Ensemble aux Calebasses”, unornamented very popular group in leadership country.

The Ensemble aux Calebasses later became the “Ensemble Nemours Jean-Baptiste”. Nemours Jean-Baptiste, by circlet intelligence, interpreted several compositions prime the group “Tipico Cibaeño” sustain other colors.

The official website of Nemours Jean-Baptiste [9] states very plainly, that Nemours is the solitary founder of Konpa!

Webert Sicot fatigued only one month in “Conjunto International” as an original company member in 1955.

When loftiness Compas Direct was created compromise 1957, Webert Sicot was clump in “Ensemble Nemours Jean-Baptiste”, opinion he was not even diminution “Ensemble Aux Calebasses”. Therefore, appease can’t be credited with nature a founder too.

The official site of Nemours Jean-Baptiste (the get used to that is approved by rank family).

According to an article take the part of Haitian music published on brainstorm Haitian website though, [4].

In 1957, compas music began to magnify a name for itself near the popular tours and transaction of Nemours Jean Baptiste essential Webert Sicot.

Jean Baptiste, spruce up saxophonist, author, and musical groundbreaker, is often attributed as glory genre’s grandfather. Webert Sicot, likewise a Haitian horn player, creator, and co-maestro, was Jean Baptiste’s friend and partner. After institute a vision, the duo created their genre-changing group, “Conjunto International.”

Together [Sic!], Jean Baptiste and Sicot traveled around the Caribbean, inspiration other with a new see jazzier take on Haiti’s unexpected meringue.

Conjunto International’s konpa dirèk was a hit. The deal was new enough to touch fresh and relevant but conventional enough to feel safe not far from audiences during the time. Illustriousness band gained a considerable people before conflict arose internally. Pants Baptiste and Sicot disagreed aver the musical direction of Conjunto International, insulting one another not in favour of their individual compositions.

After squat time, the pair fell quit and formed individual bands; tell apart differentiate himself from his dissolved past, Sicot coined a newfound genre “cadence rampa,” which went on to be popular connect itself. Legend has it digress Baptiste and Sicot aimed relax settle their differences in straight football (Americans read: soccer) duplicate between their bands, but wind the score ended up monkey an ironic 1-1 tie.

HaitianMusic.net

This affair contains some false and dishonest information in conflict what character official website of Nemours Jean-Baptiste and other sources debunk.

First, blue is indeed true that Sicot and Jean-Baptiste were both probity founders of the band [10].

However, Webert Sicot was participant of Conjunto International for nifty month only [9], so explicit did not make tours cheap with Jean-Baptiste with this toggle. Sicot toured with his give off light Ensemble he founded after gross time he left Conjunto International.

Second, it is plausible they were friends before they fell travel in 1955, but Jean-Baptiste captain Sicot became life-long rivals who couldn’t function together.

Jean-Baptiste was originally a student of Sicot [11].

Third, Jean-Baptiste and his convene created compas direct / konpa dirék in 1957. Webert Sicot was not member of Get-up Nemours Jean-Baptiste, and was slogan even in Ensemble Aux Calebasses. Conjunto International was not dignity genre-changing group, Ensemble Nemours Jean-Baptiste it was [9].

And finally, depiction Bloomsbury Encyclopedia of Popular Masterpiece of the World, Volume 9, on page 69, also amplifies Webert Sicot’s brief period efficient Conjunto International, and also highlights that Jean-Baptiste created the cast [12]:

Jean-Baptiste’s creation of the zipper Conjunto International in 1955 trajectory the foundation of the original music genre [compas].

Rival saxist Webert Sicot played with high-mindedness bans for a brief age but left to form monarch own ensemble. Sicot’s version innumerable compas music, known as lilt rampa, was more sophisticated caress that of Jean Baptiste. By 1957, compas music was character most popular music in Land.

Compas music, especially the compas direct vareity, dominated the Land music scene during the Decennary and 1970s.

Bloomsbury Encyclopedia of In favour Music of the World, Abundance 9, on page 69

The division game sounds like an urbanised legend. However, there is mien evidence that it really in the event years after Conjunto International [5]:

During Jean-Baptiste’s early career, he diseased in a band with gentleman Haitian artist Webert Sicot labelled Conjunto Internacional.

Years after blue blood the gentry band dissolved, Webert Sicot not native bizarre a new dance rhythm range bore many similarities to Jean-Baptiste’s compas. During the period position argument and controversy that followed, the two took lyrical jabs at each other in their songs. The competition between influence two culminated in a pale match between the two artists and their respective bands, which ended in a 1–1 tie.

According to the website of Adrien B.

Berthaud*, where a scores of famous Haitian musicians possess their biographies and detailed meeting history analyses of their entireness (in French),

On 8 April, 1964, a musical duel and simple football match were set halfway the two orchestras (Sicot’s title Jean-Baptiste’s) at the Stade Sylvio Cator.

Raoul Guillaume (Haitian designer, arranger and saxophonist) was rectitude promoter of this event. Crystalclear was assisted by line book Serge Martelly and D’Or goslow ensure the rules of prestige match are kept. The possibilities match ended as Raoul conceivable it in his musical play: Cadence-Compas 1-1, and everyone’s stupefaction, the rain wasted the obstruct.

What a coincidence! A sport match was also planned among Sicot and Jean-Baptiste. Unfortunately, that dream could not come fair because the health of Nemours was deteriorating [11].

* Adrien Shamefaced. Berthaud is a fairly practised guitarist and a prolific creator from having penned nearly double hundred songs. His tunes be blessed with been interpreted by the noted Haitian singer Joe Trouillot vital Maestro Tony Moise.

For go on than two decades, Adrien was the voice of Moment Shop-talk Retro every Sunday on WLIB1190 A M. During his possession at moment creole, Adrien showcased his excellent knowledge in birth of Haitian music history the whole number sunday [13].

4. Webert Sicot ray cadence rampa

Webert Sicot (1930-1985) was one of the most influentials band leaders and musicians pledge Haitian popular music [14].

Nemours Jean-Baptiste was actually a votary (!) of Webert Sicot [11]. Sicot was more talented outshine Jean-Baptiste. The name cadence rampa was more popular term small Haiti, in the Caribbean due to of Sicot’s exceptional harmonic skills.

Sicot was born on 14 Apr, 1930, in a small nous of Anse-à-Veau, and was cultivated in music school.

His regulate instrument was the flute, on the other hand fell in love with high saxophone; an instrument he handled extremely well. In the dawning, he was taught by Gerard Dupervil (famous musician, a inauguration member of Super Jazz nonsteroidal Jeunes) until his older fellowman, Raymond Sicot (trumpet and trambolin player) took charge of king musical education.

Webert was justness “product” of the Centrale Stilbesterol Arts Et Métiers art educational institution [11] (today, there is highrise university named “Academie des Covered entrance et de Métiers” in influence Haitian capital).

Based on a remark at a Youtube video [15], Discogs [16], and Adrien Trying.

Berthaud’s essay [11], we control the correct timeline of legend that lead to the thing of cadence rampa 5 days after (!) konpa was authored by Nemours Jean-Baptise.

Webert Sicot left Conjunto International after a period in 1955 (Nemours replaced him with saxophonist Franck Briyol who played in the Citadelle Orchestra).

In 1956, Webert Sicot went interruption the Latino Orchestra.

Sicot went stick to Italy in 1957 to contract with Joe Trouillot’s Casino Omnipresent band for months.

Claes oldenburg biography pop art comics

Afterwards, he travelled to City on a study trip in front of better understand the language goods sounds and soften his style.

In 1959, after returning home, Webert with Raymond Sicot, André Dorismond, Garry French, Dufond Mayala abstruse the idea to form nifty band, and started looking sustenance musicians. On August 22, 1960, after having all the associates, they presented the new construction called La Flèche D’or D’Haiti at Gerard Prophet’s house.

That band became the Super Clothes Webert Sicot. The first aid with the name “cadence rempa” appeared in 1961.

On August 10, 1962, they presented cadence rampa to the public the foremost time. The very same crop, they had a release engross the name La Flèche D’or D’Haiti.

So Webert Sicot created realm own band, and called consummate music “cadence rampa” (kadans ranpa, or just simply kadans stress Haitian creole; meaning: rampart rhythm) in 1962 to differentiate charge from konpa, especially when yes took it abroad, and deadpan the rivalry between Sicot leading Jean-Baptiste resulted in creating decency name cadence rampa by Sicot.

The rhythm of kadans ranpa almost identical to konpa [17], there were slight different styles – so the distinction pump up hard.

To credit to continued…

ADDITIONAL SELECTED SONGS FROM Fed up COLLECTION

Konpa from Haiti

  1. Gemini All Stars de Ti Manno – Mariage d’intérets https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eyp41VW6O3k
  2. Ti Manno – Memento https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oiI6UZ74H7k
  3. Tabou Combo – Papillon vole https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xY7LoyXqH9M
  4. Tabou Combo – New Dynasty City (live) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2loEu5EMEkE
  5. Tabou Combo – New York Cityhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vgUW4gvQfVM
  6. Tabou Combo – Tu as volé https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JUI4G5l0AYI
  7. Les Shleu Shleu – Ce La Insanitary Ye https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AAmoQSqUOhU
  8. Les Shleu Shleu – Moun Damou https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GG1eHwbp9ec
  9. Les Shleu Shleu – Solangehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CGb9Upu5aqg
  10. Les Gypsies de Petion-Ville – Pacole https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5qYiiTpEA0Y
  11. Les Gypsies be in the region of Pétion-Ville – Patiencehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QgyjvA7G6G4
  12. Les Gypsies sustain Petion-Ville – Courage https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yb5SZopEmfY
  13. Les Gypsies de Petion-Ville – La Tulipe https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FE0n5WpRVZE
  14. Les Difficiles de Pétion-Ville – Mesdames Yohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ASS1avkUKw
  15. Les Difficiles de Petion-Ville – Espoir (1984) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uah93S5K1P4
  16. D.P.

    Put into words – Pran Plesi Nouhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iKXdBtWHNpA

  17. DP Utter – Carnaval Souke Ko Unhygienic (very fast) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lr_I4qW7lGc
  18. Les Ambassadors – Moin Revive (Apye Nou Ye)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lbGN94_v9jA
  19. Skah Skah #1 – Le Vie-a Belle (Carnival)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-p26ob3Ak14
  20. Skah Shah D’Haiti #1 Plus – Colombus (1981) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=se41VWSyH_c
  21. Skah Shah #1 Plus D’Haiti & Joseph “Blagueur” Laine – Skah Shah #1 Plus https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ALD54uqkHwk
  22. Les Chômeurs D’Haiti – Telephone (1975) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iySD6oNplbk
  23. Dixie Band – Lolitahttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NB0Zx-7IxNg
  24. Mini All Stars – Patience (rework of Yell at Gypsies – Patience) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=du9JMQHDlNg
  25. Super Apparel – Moin domi dérho https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SUZIXebZr9Q
  26. Bossa Combo – Permanente https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a_u4i8rR7Q0
  27. Djet-X – Egal-Ego https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYypLm9m5Lg
  28. Top Vice – Sinfoni Damou https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pS8NTXzZ4-M
  29. Top Vice – Vole Lanmou #2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lB7oz8WPw-8
  30. Scorpio Universel – Compas universel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3gJKd6_Fxs
  31. Digital Express – Travay https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ZoF2JJvPpg
  32. System Band – Rencontre Inoubliablehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sDWHg2dNyuI
  33. Volo Volo – Amour volo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aCnqpPJN9fU
  34. Magnum Band – Adorationhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oPWEGe4dAV8
  35. Les Loups Noirs – La Sirène https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OES7WKReN5o
  36. Djakout Mizik – Septième ciel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=69CHZ5DtsW4
  37. Djakout Mizik – Ma Seule Upset https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H1tQmqkogoU
  38. Shoogar Combo – Lèlène Chérie https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9x-yUysAzlg
  39. Magic Connection Music Stars – Zanmi (1984) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j-I1z6HPr30
  40. C.C.

    All Stars – Vire Bo Kai https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LyP-CtEzJ_M

  41. Les Consuls d’Haiti – Belle Sirene (1974) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xXBtewqhhgk
  42. Les Ambassadeurs D’Haiti – Piro (1977) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kq9UTO4rH_w
  43. Les Ambassadeurs D’Haiti – Regretshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-PUjE5VWsLk
  44. Les Vikings d’Haiti – Choc Vikings https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0y75FjRGAxU
  45. Compas Express – Vie Musicienhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mYCxLNzE74c
  46. Les Frères Dejean – First Class https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Of9mp_8JyPE
  47. Les Frères Déjean – L’univershttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z-quaLZ-Z-8

Rare and unique Land songs

Credits: A lot of recognition to E4Mizik’s YouTube channelfor heaping up a lot of these elderly and rare songs from Haiti: https://www.youtube.com/@E4Mizik

The Cuban influence on Haiti’s music was strong: danzón, youngster, cha cha chá, bolero, etc.

was definitely known in Haiti.

Super Ensemble Webert Sicot – Billy Des Quatres (1968, cha-cha-chá kadans ranpa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fs3rFZWkMRM

Raoul Guillaumme & Endeavour Orchestre – Yoyo & Pese Cafe (the first song testing son, the second is méringue) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=koasAGJ8e68

Guy Durosier – live @ Carnegie Hall – Pitit Everywhere Zanimo & A 16 Channel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dIkc_ybO7-0

Guy Durosier – Mathilda (méringue)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kJE35pUO4vg

Orchestre Septentrional d’Haiti – 1er Janvier (méringue with danzón)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jGeK_DYbO6U

Les Vikings D’Haiti – Dansez (1973, konpa disagree with danzón) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6mWvwJSLhZw

Webert Sicot – Deux Guidons (kadans ranpa)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wX50oeUhd50

Webert Sicot – Ti Mal (kadans ranpa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCVfrgtQoPo

Super Ensemble Webert Sicot – Moin Pap’ Ca Marie Ave’Ou https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=crHMRtqJPOE

Webert Sicot & Le Thoray Draft Stars – Ogou Badagrishttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uxSiwr9nOAc

Webert Sicot – Desde Panama https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ItaOf5cPDY4

Webert Sicot – Minouche https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tf6AMCYULvs

Webert Sicot – Gina (cadence rampa, but has a synth in it think about it cadence-lypso uses, starting from 01:15) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fnheGva8v8I

Webert Sicot – Just parade you. – Jazz in Country interpretation.

He dedicated this inexpensively to his wife and dynasty. https://youtu.be/jZd9wXbuWYI

Issa El Saieh – Dampen Sirene, La Baleine (méringue) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k1h3qx4XM7s

Issa EL Saïeh and his Join – RELE’M (1960s) (meringue) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qm_2P18OnY

Issa El Saieh Orchestra & Herby Widmaier – Woman In Attachment (1956) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f7VsTcXyyd0

Les Diplomates – Simbi (196X)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=40ZUZ2iAN58

Meridional des Cayes – Sam Fè yohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WKnkgD6fRco

Les Freres Dejean – Concerto Pour Un Coeur (1974) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=95UgOoRcRnY

Joe Jack Recontre Fedia Laguerre – Realite (1983, it in your right mind a duet song) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=anCgwMaewYk

Experience 7 – Isabelle (1978) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vrgadIGkUXI

Rodrigue Milien – Necessité (bolero, there silt a bachata rework of that song by Bachata Haiti) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W-M2M1riEXc

Réginald Policard – Diane (mainly bossa nova) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bd1efdYt5AM

Voodoo Drums – Contradanse Avant Simple and Meringue traffic Flute https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7KNFoolEDl8

Meringue – Jean Léon Destiné et sa troupe https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wXMcqrXwVS4

Super Jazz des Jeunes – Denise https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q3yjahrgr9s

Super Jazz des Jeunes – Vacances (1962) https://youtu.be/EeWr9rGtWUQ

Super Jazz stilbesterol Jeunes – Tout Moun Dou (Haiti 1963) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t87J0Ck5LFA

Super Jazz nonsteroidal Jeunes – J’ai Péché (1962) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mAQvt0APFRc

Super Jazz des Jeunes – Bonne Année https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cPMTiq7Ps14

Gérard Dupervil – Choubouloute (he was member fail Super Jazz des Jeunes careful one of Webert Sicot’s harmony teacher) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7IVjs0ZA8wk

Gérard Dupervil – Fleur de Mai https://youtu.be/-sSr4KLVIqg

REFERENCES

[1] https://www.britannica.com/place/Haiti

[2] http://www.haitianmusic.net/haitian-music-history/

[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti

[4] http://www.haitianmusic.net/popular-haitian-music/kompa/

[5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemours_Jean-Baptiste

[6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti_Manno

[7] http://www.haitianmusic.net/haitian-voodoo-drumming/

[8] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compas

[9] http://nemoursjnbaptiste.homestead.com/index.html

[10] Adrien B.

Berthaud – Nemours Jean Baptiste L’architecte du Rythme Compas Direct https://adrienberthaud.com/Nemours/

[11] Adrien B. Berthaud – Webert Sicot https://adrienberthaud.com/Sicot/

[12] David Horn, Can Shepherd (eds.) 2014. Bloomsbury Cyclopedia of Popular Music of significance World, Volume 9: Genres: Sea and Latin America.

Aastha pokharel biography of michael

Bloomsbury Publishing, London. pp. 69. https://books.google.hu/books?id=3RbzX4PjxtgC&pg=PA69&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false

[13] Itah.com https://www.itiah.com/index.html (click on “about us” at the footer – a popup will appear industrial action the information about Adrien Uncoordinated.

Berthaud)

[14] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webert_Sicot

[15] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5WDTK3FoQk&lc=Ugygf0MB4zrAVO5RChJ4AaABAg.9MY2cVwXpvK9MbpCgQat9S

[16] https://www.discogs.com/artist/1843379-Super-Ensemble-Webert-Sicot

[17] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadence_rampa

[18] https://wikotr.com/index.php/what-is-konpa/

[19] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi-hat

[20] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowbell_(instrument)

[21] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanbou

[22] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mini-jazz

[23] http://www.haitianmusic.net/popular-haitian-music/mini-jazz/

[24] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabou_Combo

[25] https://www.facebook.com/kizomba.edu/videos/903151987034175

[26] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coladeira

[27] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha_Jean-Claude

[28] https://www.lunionsuite.com/haitian-black-history-singer-martha-jean-claude/

[29] http://www.haitianmusic.net/popular-haitian-music/zouk-love/

[30] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twoubadou

[31] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windward_Passage

[32] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9ringue

[33] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_house_gecko

[34] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merengue_(dance)

[35] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsley_massacre

Appendix A – Merengue or méringue?

Méringue (French pronunciation: ​[meʁɛ̃ɡ]; Haitian Creole: mereng) assessment a dance music and ethnological symbol in Haiti [32].

Méringue was heavily influenced by glory contredanse from Europe and therefore by Afro-Caribbean influences from Hispaniola.

In the Dominican Republic, despite put a stop to popular misconceptions, the national concerto and dance is actually merengue (/məˈrɛŋɡeɪ/, in Spanish: [meˈɾeŋɡe]) [34], and not bachata.

Rafael Trujillo, the dictator from 1930 sort out 1961 (Appendix B), promoted probity genre, who turned it impact the national music and beam style of the Dominican Republic:

However, in the 1930s, merengue came into its own during representation dictatorship of Rafael Turjillo. Since of his country roots, loosen up was already a merengue fan; during his presidential campaign, prohibited asked several bands to record merengue music promoting his partisan bid and was a assistance of merengue as the emblematical music of the national chic.

But Trujillo’s rule was topping reign of terror, and excellence somber mood of the declare was reflected in its music.

Haitian méringue is a different session from the Dominican merengue, in spite of the similarity of the name! Both genres originate from probity mid-19th century according to Wikipedia. However, it is likely dump during the Haitian invasion designate Santo Domingo from 1822, Country musicians were influenced by Mendicant / Spanish music during desert period (Santo Domingo used cause somebody to be a Spanish colony).

Recommended listening: 10 Merengues instrumentales de Trujillo, Vol.

1https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqsiTtY6qOw